goliard, any of the wandering students and clerics in medieval England, France, and Germany, remembered for their satirical verses and poems in praise of drinking and debauchery. The goliards described themselves as followers of the legendary Bishop Golias: renegade clerics of no fixed abode who

goliard songs, Latin secular songs disseminated primarily by the goliards—wandering students and clerics—of 12th- and 13th-century Europe. At that time, although vernacular song traditions were emerging in all the European languages, it was the Latin songs that traveled, and their manuscript

Golias, stock character in medieval French literature derived from the legendary Bishop Golias, patron of the goliard. Golias is an insubordinate, roistering, bibulous lecher who is redeemed by his wit and

David Cross: Arrested Development and later acting credits: …had a recurring role on Goliath, and he was later cast in the dystopian miniseries Station Eleven (2021–22). In 2023 Cross portrayed a crooked businessman in the miniseries Justified: City Primeval. During this time Cross also created and starred in the TV show The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret…

Maurice Farman: …in 1917 they introduced the “Goliath,” the first long-distance passenger plane, which from 1919 made regular flights between Paris and London, greatly stimulating commercial aviation in France and the rest of Europe.

Goliath, (c. 11th century bc), in the Bible (I Sam. xvii), the Philistine giant slain by David, who thereby achieved renown. The Philistines had come up to make war against Saul, and this warrior came forth day by day to challenge to single combat. Only David ventured to respond, and armed with a

flower chafer, (subfamily Cetoniinae), any of a group of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae (insect order Coleoptera) that are distributed worldwide and are brilliantly coloured, with the majority of the iridescent species occurring in the tropics. Most measure less than 12 mm (0.5 inch), although

spider: Size range: …the largest mygalomorphs include the goliath bird-eating spider (Theraphosa leblondi or T. blondi), found in parts of the Amazon, and the pinkfoot goliath (T. apophysis), limited to southern Venezuela. The smallest spiders belong to several families found in the tropics, and information about them first became known in the 1980s.

crane: …level; such cranes are called gantry, or goliath, cranes.

amphibian: Size range and diversity of structure: The West African goliath frog, which can reach 30 cm (12 inches) from snout to vent and weigh up to 3.3 kg (7.3 pounds), is the largest anuran. Some of the smallest anurans include the South American brachycephalids, which have an adult snout-to-vent length of only 9.8 mm…

goliath grouper, (Epinephelus itajara), large sea bass (family Serranidae) found on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical America and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. The species sometimes attains a length of 2.5 metres (8.2 feet) and a weight of about 455 kg (1,000 pounds). The adult is dull

heron: Largest of all is the goliath heron (A. goliath) of Africa, a 150-cm (59-inch) bird with a reddish head and neck. The purple heron (A. purpurea) is a darker and smaller Old World form.

Goliath, (c. 11th century bc), in the Bible (I Sam. xvii), the Philistine giant slain by David, who thereby achieved renown. The Philistines had come up to make war against Saul, and this warrior came forth day by day to challenge to single combat. Only David ventured to respond, and armed with a

flower chafer: …the best-known member is the African goliath beetle (Goliathus giganteus). This insect is white with bold black lines on its promontum (the upper plate of the prothorax) and has brown wing covers (elytra). It may be more than 10 cm (4 inches) long and has black, leathery wings that are…

arthropod: Size range: The beetle Goliathus regius measures 15 centimetres (5.9 inches) in length and 10 centimetres in width, while the butterfly Ornithoptera victoriae of the Solomon Islands has a wing span exceeding 30 centimetres (about 1 foot). One of the longest insects is the phasmid (walkingstick) Phryganistria chinensis, a…

Osvaldo Golijov is an Argentine composer, who became one of the most successful classical artists of the early 21st century in the United States and was known for his eclectic approach to concert music. Golijov was born to Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe. He studied music with his mother, a

World War II: Stalingrad and the German retreat, summer 1942–February 1943: …Vatutin, the other under General Filipp Ivanovich Golikov, had crossed the Don upstream from Serafimovich and were thrusting southwestward to the Donets between Kamensk and Kharkov: Vatutin’s forces, having crossed the Donets at Izyum, took Lozovaya Junction on February 11, Golikov’s took Kharkov five days later. Farther to the north,…

Russian-American Company: Shelikov and Ivan I. Golikov, was organized in 1781 to establish colonies on the North American coast and carry on the fur trade. After Shelikov’s death (1795), the group merged with three others to form the United American Company. To confront foreign activity more effectively, the Russian…

Golitsyn family, Russian noble family descended from the 14th-century Lithuanian grand duke Gediminas. Three members played prominent roles as statesmen around the time of Peter I the Great (r. 1682–1725). Vasily Golitsyn was chief adviser to Peter’s regent, Sophia Alekseyevna. Boris Golitsyn

Russia: Education and intellectual life: …education was supervised by Prince Aleksandr Nikolayevich Golitsyn, head of the Ministry of Education and Spiritual Affairs. In an effort to combat what he believed to be dangerous irreligious doctrines emanating from western Europe, Golitsyn encouraged university students to spy on their professors and on each other; those who taught…

Boris Alekseyevich Golitsyn was a Russian statesman who played a major role during the early years of the reign of Peter I the Great (ruled 1682–1725). A nobleman whose clan descended from the 14th-century Lithuanian grand duke Gediminas, Golitsyn became a court chamberlain (1676) and Peter’s

Boris Borisovich, Prince Golitsyn was a Russian physicist known for his work on methods of earthquake observations and on the construction of seismographs. Golitsyn was educated in the naval school and naval academy. In 1887 he left active service for scientific studies and went to Strasbourg. In

Dmitry Mikhaylovich, Prince Golitsyn was a Russian statesman who unsuccessfully tried to transform the Russian autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. Having been sent to Italy in 1697 by Tsar Peter I the Great to study “military affairs,” Golitsyn was appointed commander of an auxiliary corps

Vasily Vasilyevich, Prince Golitsyn was a Russian statesman who was the chief adviser to Sophia Alekseyevna and dominated Russian foreign policy during her regency (1682–89). Extremely well educated and greatly influenced by western European culture, Golitsyn was awarded the rank of boyar (next in

Golkar, social and political organization in Indonesia that evolved into a political party after it was founded as the Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya (Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups) by a group of army officers in 1964. Golkar, established ostensibly to counterbalance the growing power

Golconda, historic fortress and ruined city lying 5 miles (8 km) west of Hyderabad in western Telangana state, southern India. From 1518 to 1591 it was the capital of the Quṭb Shāhī kingdom (1518–1687), one of five Muslim sultanates of the Deccan. The territory of Golconda lay between the lower

Golconda, historic fortress and ruined city lying 5 miles (8 km) west of Hyderabad in western Telangana state, southern India. From 1518 to 1591 it was the capital of the Quṭb Shāhī kingdom (1518–1687), one of five Muslim sultanates of the Deccan. The territory of Golconda lay between the lower

Sir Victor Gollancz was a British publisher, writer, and humanitarian who championed such causes as socialism and pacifism while managing a highly successful publishing business. Born to a family of orthodox Jews of Polish origin, Gollancz attended St. Paul’s School and New College, Oxford. During

Germany: Adolf of Nassau: …and, in a battle at Göllheim, Adolf was slain and his supporters fled.

Gollum, fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novels The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954–55). Gollum is a vaguely reptilian creature who is obsessed with the ring that is the focus of much of the action of the

Golmud, city, central Qinghai sheng (province), western China. Golmud is an important highway centre, standing at the intersection of two ancient routes that more recently have become highways. One links Xining in Qinghai and Lanzhou in Gansu province in the east with the western Qaidam Basin area;

Burnside problem: …1964 by the Russian mathematician Yevgeny Solomonovich Golod, who was able to construct an infinite period group using only a finite number of generators with finite order.

Lake Baikal: …is a fish called the golomyanka, of the family Comephoridae, which gives birth to live young. The one mammal species is the Baikal seal, or nerpa (Phoca sibirica). There are more than 320 bird species in the Baikal area.

Ilya Aleksandrovich Golosov was a Russian architect who worked in various styles but attained his highest distinction for the application to architecture of the artistic principles of Constructivism, a movement inspired by geometries of volume and of plane. Golosov studied at the Central Stroganov

Ilya Aleksandrovich Golosov: Ilya’s brother and fellow architect, Panteleymon Aleksandrovich Golosov, was more traditional in his projects (he participated in many architectural contests in the 1920s) and in his buildings, of which the Pravda complex in Moscow (1929–35) is the most famous. In the 1930s Panteleymon focused on the problems of town planning…

Mike Tyson: …his October 2000 bout with Andrew Golota, Tyson won in the third round, but the fight was later declared a no contest because Tyson tested positive for marijuana. Tyson had only one more fight between October 2000 and his June 2002 fight with Lewis.

Fyodor Alekseyevich, Count Golovin was a Russian statesman and diplomat who served prominently during the reign (1682–1725) of Peter I the Great of Russia. Despite Golovin’s loyalty to Peter, the regent Sophia Alekseyevna (reigned 1682–89)—Peter’s half sister and political rival—promoted Golovin to

Gavriil Ivanovich, Count Golovkin was a Russian statesman and diplomat who was a close associate of Peter I the Great (reigned 1682–1725) and became Russia’s first state chancellor. A relative of Peter’s mother, Natalya Naryshkina, Golovkin became a member of the royal court in 1677, and during

Vasily Mikhaylovich Golovnin was a Russian naval officer and seafarer. Golovnin graduated from the Naval Academy at Kronshtadt in 1792, and from 1801 to 1805 he served as a volunteer in the British navy. In 1807 he was commissioned by the government of Tsar Alexander I to chart the coasts of

Sancho II: …VI of Leon, defeated at Golpejera on the Carrión River in January 1072, had to seek refuge with the Moorish king of Toledo. Sancho’s triumph was short-lived, for he was killed while besieging the rebel fortress-city of Zamora, held by his sister Urraca in Alfonso’s name.

Firishtah: , Mahomedan Power in India). It is also known under the title Tārīkh-e Fereshteh (“Firishtah’s Chronicle”). The second of the two versions in which it was written often appears under still another title, the Nowras-nāmeh (“New Book”). The history covers the famous Muslim rulers of India…

Saʿd od-Dīn Maḥmūd Shabestarī: …poetic work Golshan-e rāz (The Mystic Rose Garden) became a classic document of Ṣūfism (Islāmic mysticism).

Art Blakey: …as Clifford Brown, Donald Byrd, Benny Golson, Johnny Griffin, Jackie McLean, Lee Morgan, and Wayne Shorter.

Ludwig Renn was a German novelist, best known for Krieg (1928; War), a novel based on his World War I battle experiences, the narrator and principal character of which was named Ludwig Renn. The stark simplicity of the novel emphasizes the uncompromising brutality of combat. Born a Saxon nobleman,

Colmar, baron von der Goltz was a Prussian soldier, military teacher, and writer. He was an imperial German field marshal who reorganized the Turkish army (1883–96), and who served as commander in chief of Turkish forces against the British in Mesopotamia (Iraq) during World War I. Despite his

lobotomy: …the work of German physiologist Friedrich Goltz, who had performed brain ablation (surgical removal of tissue) experiments on dogs and observed distinct changes in the animals’ behaviour. In the decades following Burkhardt’s work, there were few attempts at surgical disruption of the human brain.

Rüdiger, count von der Goltz was a German army officer who, at the end of World War I, tried unsuccessfully to build a German-controlled Baltikum in Latvia, in order to prevent domination of that country by Soviet Russia. A general commanding an infantry division in France, Goltz was transferred to

Colmar, baron von der Goltz was a Prussian soldier, military teacher, and writer. He was an imperial German field marshal who reorganized the Turkish army (1883–96), and who served as commander in chief of Turkish forces against the British in Mesopotamia (Iraq) during World War I. Despite his

Hendrik Goltzius was a printmaker and painter, the leading figure of the Mannerist school of Dutch engravers. Through his engravings, he helped to introduce the style of such artists as Bartholomaeus Spranger and Annibale Carracci to the northern Netherlands. Goltzius’s great-grandfather and

Leon Golub was an American figurative painter whose monumental paintings typically depicted acts of brutality, revealing truths about both the attackers and the victims. Golub attended the University of Chicago (B.A., 1942) before enlisting in the army. After service in World War II, he attended

Leon Golub was an American figurative painter whose monumental paintings typically depicted acts of brutality, revealing truths about both the attackers and the victims. Golub attended the University of Chicago (B.A., 1942) before enlisting in the army. After service in World War II, he attended

Vladimir Golubnichy was a Soviet race walker who won four Olympic medals and dominated the 20-km (12.43-mile) walk in the 1960s and ’70s. Noted for his swinging stride, Golubnichy set his first 20-km world record, of 1 hr 30 min 2.8 sec,when he was 19 years old. At the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome,

Vladimir Sorokin: …words, with Goluboe salo (1999; Blue Lard). The book became widely known for its graphic sexual scenes between clones of former Soviet leaders Nikita Khrushchev and Joseph Stalin (portrayed as homosexual lovers), which, though whimsical and absurd, resulted in Sorokin’s prosecution by the Russian government for the dissemination of pornography.…

Agenor, Count Gołuchowski was the foreign minister of Austria (1895–1906) who negotiated the Austro-Russian agreement of 1897, which became the basis for a decade-long détente between the two powers. Gołuchowski—the son of the governor of Galicia, Count Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski—was a longtime

Agenor, Count Gołuchowski was the foreign minister of Austria (1895–1906) who negotiated the Austro-Russian agreement of 1897, which became the basis for a decade-long détente between the two powers. Gołuchowski—the son of the governor of Galicia, Count Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski—was a longtime

Agenor Romuald, Count Gołuchowski was a conservative Polish aristocrat and statesman who as Austria’s minister of the interior (or minister of state; August 1859–December 1860) was one of the principal authors of the “October diploma” of 1860, which granted diets to the Habsburg lands and made the

Boris Pilnyak: …his novel Goly god (1922; The Naked Year) that brought him popularity. This book presents a panorama of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War (1918–20) as seen through a series of flashbacks and close-ups encompassing all levels of society. Its fragmentary, chaotic style matches the character…

Bulgaria: South Bulgaria: …7,188 feet (2,190 metres) at Golyam Perelik Peak; the Rila Mountains, rising to 9,596 feet (2,925 metres) at Musala Peak, which is the highest point in the country and indeed in the whole Balkan Peninsula; the Pirin Mountains, with Vikhren Peak reaching 9,560 feet; and a frontier range known as…

Montana, town, northwestern Bulgaria. It lies along the Ogosta River in a fertile agricultural region noted for its grains, fruits, vines, market-garden produce, and livestock breeding. Relatively new housing estates as well as industry are evident in the town. In the region are forests and game

Japanese music: Melodic principles: That so-called sesame-seed notation (goma-ten) remains basic to Noh vocal music today, and there are many detailed books in modern Japanese to help the initiate follow the music with the aid of a teacher. Variations in notation style and in the interpretation of specific passages are maintained by the…

Gumal Pass, route along the Gumal River valley in the extreme southwestern portion of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The most important pass between the Khyber and Bolān passes, it connects Ghaznī in eastern Afghanistan with Tank and Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan via Domandi and Kot Murtaza.

Goa, state of India, comprising a mainland district on the country’s southwestern coast and an offshore island. It is located about 250 miles (400 km) south of Mumbai (Bombay). One of India’s smallest states, it is bounded by the states of Maharashtra on the north and Karnataka on the east and

Sandakan: …Sepilok (north), and the large Gomantong Caves (southwest) are inhabited by swiftlets (whose nests are collected for birds’ nest soup, a Chinese delicacy) and a large colony of bats. Pop. (2000 prelim.) 220,000.

Franciscus Gomarus was a Calvinist theologian and university professor whose disputes with his more liberal colleague Jacobus Arminius over the doctrine of predestination led the entire Dutch Reformed Church into controversy. Gomarus served as pastor of a Dutch Reformed church in Frankfurt am Main,

Franciscus Gomarus was a Calvinist theologian and university professor whose disputes with his more liberal colleague Jacobus Arminius over the doctrine of predestination led the entire Dutch Reformed Church into controversy. Gomarus served as pastor of a Dutch Reformed church in Frankfurt am Main,

Gomarist, follower of the Dutch Calvinist theologian Franciscus Gomarus (1563–1641), who upheld the theological position known as supralapsarianism, which claimed that God is not the author of sin yet accepted the Fall of Man as an active decree of God. They also opposed toleration for Roman

Franciscus Gomarus was a Calvinist theologian and university professor whose disputes with his more liberal colleague Jacobus Arminius over the doctrine of predestination led the entire Dutch Reformed Church into controversy. Gomarus served as pastor of a Dutch Reformed church in Frankfurt am Main,

Indore: Just outside the city is Gomatgiri, a major pilgrimage site with a cluster of 24 marble temples and a 21-foot (6-metre) statue of Lord Gommateshvara, a replica of the Bahubali statue of Shravanabelagola. Also nearby is Patalpani, a hilly area with a 250-foot (76-metre) waterfall. Pop. (2001) 1,474,968; (2011) 1,964,086.

Gomati River, tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It rises in northern Uttar Pradesh about 32 miles (51 km) east of Pilibhit and is intermittent for the first 35 miles (56 km) of its course, becoming perennial after its junction with the Joknai. Below

Kuala Lumpur: …confluence of the Kelang and Gombak rivers; its name in Malay means “muddy estuary.” Malaysia’s Main Range rises nearby to the north, east, and southeast. The climate is equatorial, with high temperatures and humidity that vary little throughout the year. The area receives about 95 inches (2,400 mm) of rain…

French literature: The honnête homme: …of the ideal defined by Antoine Gombaud, chevalier de Méré, in his Discours de la vraie honnêteté (1701; “Discourse on True Honnêteté”), as it does of the example set by Charles de Saint-Denis, sieur de Saint-Évremond, who, in the opinion of contemporaries, most nearly lived up to such an ideal.…

Kinshasa: City layout: …residential and administrative district of Gombe, which houses most of the European population and the Congolese elite; the central government buildings and the embassy district are located there. The eastern sector (known before 1966 as Léo-Est), of which the wide Boulevard du 30-Juin forms the main artery, is a major…

Gombe: Gombe emirate was founded in 1804 by Buba Yero (Abubakar), a follower of the Muslim Fulani leader Usman dan Fodio. The emirate headquarters of Gambe was established about 1824 and renamed Gombe Aba (“Old Gombe”) in 1841. The emirate prospered until the 1880s, when religious…

Gombe, town and traditional emirate, central Gombe state, northeastern Nigeria. Gombe emirate was founded in 1804 by Buba Yero (Abubakar), a follower of the Muslim Fulani leader Usman dan Fodio. The emirate headquarters of Gambe was established about 1824 and renamed Gombe Aba (“Old Gombe”) in

Gombe, town and traditional emirate, central Gombe state, northeastern Nigeria. Gombe emirate was founded in 1804 by Buba Yero (Abubakar), a follower of the Muslim Fulani leader Usman dan Fodio. The emirate headquarters of Gambe was established about 1824 and renamed Gombe Aba (“Old Gombe”) in

Jane Goodall: …research on the chimpanzees of Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Moses Gomberg was a Russian-born American chemist who initiated the study of free radicals in chemistry when in 1900 he prepared the first authentic one, triphenylmethyl. At age 18 Gomberg migrated with his family to the United States because his father’s antitsarist activities made them unwelcome

Nicolas Gombert was one of the leading Flemish composers of the Renaissance, whose work forms a link between that of the two masters Josquin des Prez and Palestrina. Gombert traveled widely as a singer and master of the choirboys in the Chapel Royal of Charles V and later held positions at the

Gyula Gömbös was a Hungarian premier (1932–36) who was known for his reactionary and anti-Semitic views and who was largely responsible for the trend to fascism in Hungary in the interwar period. Gömbös began his career as a professional officer and soon became conspicuous for his nationalist and

Ernst H. Gombrich was an Austrian-born art historian who was one of the field’s greatest popularizers, introducing art to a wide audience through his best-known book, The Story of Art (1950; 16th rev. ed. 1995). Gombrich studied art history under Julius von Schlosser at the University of Vienna. In

Ernst H. Gombrich was an Austrian-born art historian who was one of the field’s greatest popularizers, introducing art to a wide audience through his best-known book, The Story of Art (1950; 16th rev. ed. 1995). Gombrich studied art history under Julius von Schlosser at the University of Vienna. In

Gombroon ware, in Islāmic ceramics, pierced white pottery and porcelain dating from the 18th century and noted for its colourless glaze and delicate texture, seeming more like glass than porcelain. Simple patterns were inscribed in paste or punctured through the sides, while the glaze flooded the

Witold Gombrowicz was a Polish novelist and playwright whose works were forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd. Gombrowicz’s family were prosperous members of the gentry. He studied law at the University of Warsaw but abandoned his career to pursue his literary interests. After the initial huge

Homyel, voblasts (province), southeastern Belarus. It occupies the level plain of the middle Dnieper River and its tributaries. There are considerable areas of reed and grass marsh and of peat bog. Most of the drier areas lie in dense forest of oak, pine, and hornbeam on soils that are commonly

Homyel, city and administrative centre, Homyel oblast (region), Belarus, on the Sozh River. It was first mentioned in 1142 as Gomy. It passed to Lithuania in the 14th century and later to Poland, and it was acquired by Russia in 1772. In the late 19th century Homyel developed as a major railway

biblical literature: Hosea: …prostitute by the name of Gomer as a symbol of Israel’s playing the part of a whore searching for gods other than the one true God. He is to have children by her. Three children are born in this marriage. The first, a son, is named Jezreel, to symbolize that…

The Andy Griffith Show: …rise to two separate spin-offs, Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. (1964–69) and Mayberry, R.F.D. (1968–71). Griffith, a one-time comic monologuist who had appeared in motion pictures such as A Face in the Crowd (1957) and No Time for Sergeants (1958), later had another long stay on television as a lawyer in the…

Guinea-Bissau: Independence of Guinea-Bissau: In February Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior stepped down so that he could serve as the PAIGC’s presidential candidate in the upcoming election.

Latin American music: The 19th century: Brazilian opera was dominated by Antonio Carlos Gomes, the most successful opera composer of the Americas in the 19th century. He won international fame with his opera Il Guarany (produced in Milan in 1870), which had a picturesque libretto portraying Indian heroes and incorporating stylized indigenous dances. The first Brazilian…

Guinea-Bissau: Independence of Guinea-Bissau: …day he dismissed Prime Minister Aristides Gomes, replacing him with Nuno Gomes Nabiam, who took office on February 29. The legality of Embaló’s inauguration, however, was disputed by Pereira and the PAIGC because of the pending case with the Supreme Court, and Gomes rejected his dismissal as being unlawful. Meanwhile,…

Diogo Gomes was a Portuguese explorer sent by Prince Henry the Navigator to investigate the West African coast about 1456. Gomes sailed south beyond the Gêba River, now in Guinea-Bissau, and on the return trip ascended the Gambia River to the town of Cantor (now Kuntaur, Gambia), where he met men

Boé: …mayor of Bissau city, Juvencio Gomes, announced at the country’s independence in 1974 that Boé would replace Bissau as the capital of Guinea-Bissau as a symbol of the struggle against Portugal; this plan was not implemented, however, because of its economic impracticality. There are bauxite and iron-ore deposits in the…

purification rite: The Zoroastrian Great Purification rite: …pour consecrated cow’s urine (gomez) upon the hands of the subject, who washes his hands with the urine three times. He then washes his entire body with gomez, progressing from the head down to the feet. The pollution is said to leave the toes in the form of a…

Chespirito was a Mexican comic actor and writer who became a cultural icon in Latin America for the characters he created and portrayed on the family-friendly TV sketch-comedy show Chespirito and its various spin-offs. Gómez Bolaños, whose father was a painter and an illustrator for periodicals,

Laureano Eleuterio Gómez was an extremely conservative politician who was president of Colombia (1950–53) until forced into exile by a coalition of Liberals and Conservatives. Gómez received an engineering degree in 1909 but immediately entered politics and journalism, serving in various ministries

Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda was a Cuban Spanish playwright and poet who is considered one of the foremost Romantic writers of the 19th century and one of the greatest women poets. In 1836 Gómez went to Spain, where, except for a short period from 1859 to 1863, she lived for the rest of her life.

Ramón Gómez de la Serna was a Spanish writer whose greguerías, brief poetic statements characterized by a free association of words, ideas, and objects, had a significant influence on avant-garde literature in Europe and Latin America. Gómez de la Serna studied law but never practiced. He devoted

Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Villegas was a poet and master satirist of Spain’s Golden Age, who, as a virtuoso of language, is unequaled in Spanish literature. Quevedo was born to a family of wealth and distinction. He studied at the universities of Alcalá and Valladolid from 1596 to 1606, was

Valentín Gómez Farías was the leader of Mexican liberalism in the mid-19th century, notable for his social reforms of 1833–34, which earned him the enmity of the clergy, the army, and the gentry. After training as a physician, he was influenced by French liberal political ideas and participated in

Gómez Palacio, city, now a suburb of Torreón (to the southeast across the Río Nazas), northeastern Durango estado (state), north-central Mexico. It is an important agricultural and industrial centre in the Laguna irrigation district. In the environs, cotton and wheat are the principal crops, but