- Girl Who Lived Twice, The (novel by Lagercrantz)
Stieg Larsson: The Girl Who Lived Twice).
- Girl Who Played with Fire, The (work by Larsson)
Stieg Larsson: …som lekte med elden (2006; The Girl Who Played with Fire), which delved into the seedy world of sex trafficking, and Luftslottet som sprängdes (2007; “The Air Castle That Blew Up”; Eng. trans. The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets’ Nest), an adrenaline-fueled exploration of institutional corruption—earned similar acclaim. Though some…
- Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye, The (novel by Lagercrantz)
Stieg Larsson: The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye) and Hon som måste dö (2019; “She Who Must Die”; Eng. trans. The Girl Who Lived Twice).
- Girl Who Was Plugged In, The (novella by Tiptree)
James Tiptree, Jr.: In “The Girl Who Was Plugged In” (1973; winner of a Hugo Award for best novella), an ugly homeless girl in a media-saturated future is recruited to remotely control the empty body of a new celebrity. This prophetic story of celebrity worship, product placement, and global…
- Girl with a Mandolin (work by Picasso)
Cubism: …appear sculptural, as in Picasso’s Girl with a Mandolin (1910). They simplified their colour schemes to a nearly monochromatic scale (hues of tan, brown, gray, cream, green, or blue were preferred) in order not to distract the viewer from the artist’s primary interest—the structure of form itself. The monochromatic colour…
- Girl with a Pearl Earring (painting by Johannes Vermeer)
Girl with a Pearl Earring, oil painting on canvas (c. 1665) by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer, one of his most well-known works. It depicts an imaginary young woman in exotic dress and a very large pearl earring. The work permanently resides in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague. An observant and
- Girl with a Pearl Earring (film by Webber [2003])
Girl with a Pearl Earring: …was adapted into an Oscar-nominated film in 2003 starring Scarlett Johansson as the fictional Griet and Colin Firth as Vermeer.
- Girl with a Pearl Earring (novel by Chevalier)
Girl with a Pearl Earring: …publication of the best-selling novel Girl with a Pearl Earring by Tracy Chevalier in 1999. The book fashioned the painting’s subject into a housemaid named Griet who works in Vermeer’s home and becomes his paint mixer. It was adapted into an Oscar-nominated film in 2003 starring Scarlett Johansson as the…
- Girl with Balloon (work by Banksy)
Banksy: Banksy at auction: In late 2018 Girl with Balloon (2006), a canvas version of one of Banksy’s most popular murals, startled onlookers at an auction when the work seemingly self-destructed by partly shredding just after selling for $1.4 million. As speculation about the meaning of the stunt and about the involvement…
- Girl with the Cut-off Hands (work by Quillard)
theatre: Reactions to Naturalism: …Frenchman Pierre Quillard’s play The Girl with the Cut-off Hands (1891), the actors intoned their lines behind a gauze curtain, backed by a gold cloth framed with red hangings. In front of the gauze, a girl in a long blue tunic repeated the actors’ lines and commented on their feelings.…
- Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The (work by Larsson)
Stieg Larsson: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo), which tracked the mismatched protagonists’ investigation into a decades-old disappearance, was swiftly met with praise in Sweden—in particular for Larsson’s indelible characterization of Salander as a surly pixie with a troubled past. Its two sequels—Flickan som lekte med elden…
- Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The (film by Fincher [2011])
Nine Inch Nails: …score, and their work on The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011) was honoured with a Grammy. Their score for Gone Girl (2015) was also nominated for a Grammy. The pair later provided the music for the climate-change documentary Before the Flood and the thriller Patriots Day (both 2016) as…
- Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo, The (memoir by Schumer)
Amy Schumer: Schumer’s memoir, The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo (a play on The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, the title of a novel by Stieg Larsson), was released in 2016.
- Girl with the Red Hat (painting by Johannes Vermeer)
Girl with the Red Hat, oil-on-panel painting (c. 1669) by Johannes Vermeer. The painting is from Vermeer’s later and most well-known period, during which he focused on depicting scenes of daily life in interior settings. Although Girl with the Red Hat is Vermeer’s smallest painting (9 × 7.06 inches
- Girl’s Tyme (American singing group)
Destiny’s Child, American singing-rapping girl group, one of the best-selling female musical groups of all time. In its final form, Destiny’s Child consisted of Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, and Michelle Williams, who, through their songs and performances, collectively became a symbol of
- Girl, Interrupted (film by Mangold [1999])
Jared Leto: …and had major roles in Girl, Interrupted (1999) and American Psycho (2000).
- Girl, The (work by Le Sueur)
Meridel Le Sueur: …subject of her first novel, The Girl. Although she wrote it in 1939, the novel was not published until 1978. Le Sueur’s short stories, including those collected in Salute to Spring (1940), were widely admired. North Star Country (1945) is a saga about the people of the Midwest told in…
- Girl, Woman, Other (novel by Evaristo)
Margaret Atwood: …a cowinner (with Bernardine Evaristo’s Girl, Woman, Other) of the Booker Prize.
- Girlfriend Experience, The (film by Soderbergh [2009])
Steven Soderbergh: Ocean’s series and Magic Mike: The Girlfriend Experience (2009) featured Sasha Grey, a pornographic actress, as a prostitute. Despite its provocative premise, the drama mainly concerns the character’s quotidian activities. The film was adapted as a television series (2016– ), which Soderbergh executive produced. In 2009 Soderbergh also directed The…
- Girlfriend in a Coma (novel by Coupland)
Douglas Coupland: …1998 he published the novel Girlfriend in a Coma and, with Kip Ward, Lara’s Book: Lara Croft and the Tomb Raider Phenomenon, an illustrated tribute to the popularity of the computer game Tomb Raider. Subsequent novels included Miss Wyoming (1999), Hey Nostradamus! (2003), JPod (2006), The Gum Thief
- Girls (American television program)
Judd Apatow: …and the HBO TV series Girls (2012–17), both of which he produced, focused primarily on female characters. He both produced and directed Trainwreck (2015), a comedy written by and starring stand-up comedian Amy Schumer. The film concerns an unabashedly promiscuous young woman who, despite her aversion to romance, falls in…
- Girls at Play (novel by Theroux)
Paul Theroux: Several of his early novels—including Girls at Play (1969), Jungle Lovers (1971), and Saint Jack (1973; film 1979)—centre on the social and cultural dislocation of Westerners in postcolonial Africa and Southeast Asia. His later works of fiction included The Family Arsenal (1976), about a group of terrorists in the London…
- Girls Get Curves: Geometry Takes Shape (work by McKellar)
Danica McKellar: …X: Algebra Exposed! (2010), and Girls Get Curves: Geometry Takes Shape (2012). The popular books were written in the style of a teen magazine and contained examples that were chosen to be accessible and appealing to many girls. McKellar also published Goodnight, Numbers (2017), Ten Magic Butterflies (2018), and Bathtime…
- Girls in the Night (film by Arnold [1953])
Jack Arnold: …juvenile-delinquent genre of that decade, Girls in the Night (1953). Telling, as its tagline put it, the “Tense, Terrifying Truth About the Big City’s Delinquent Daughters,” it never rose above its B-film budget and cast, but it did help pave the way for now-canonical films in the genre, The Wild…
- Girls in Their Married Bliss (work by O’Brien)
Edna O’Brien: …The Lonely Girl (1962) and Girls in Their Married Bliss (1964), by which time both have settled in London and have become disillusioned with marriage and men in general.
- Girls Industrial College (university, Denton, Texas, United States)
Texas Woman’s University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Denton, Texas, U.S. It focuses on liberal arts and professional studies. Texas Woman’s University is divided into the University General Divisions, the Institute of Health Sciences, and the Graduate School. The
- Girls Just Want to Have Fun (song by Hazard)
“Weird Al” Yankovic: Career: …to Have Lunch” (after “Girls Just Want to Have Fun” by Cyndi Lauper). That same year, he released a mock documentary, or mockumentary, home video, The Compleat Al, as well as a book, The Authorized Al, both of which offered humorous, semi-fictional accounts of his life.
- Girls of Slender Means, The (novel by Spark)
The Girls of Slender Means, novel by Muriel Spark, published in a shortened version in 1963 in The Saturday Evening Post and published in book form later that year. The novel, set primarily in London during World War II, focuses on the inhabitants of a residential club for unmarried women and on
- Girls on Top (British television series)
Dawn French: …Comic Strip productions and the Girls on Top series, which French cowrote. In 1987 the duo began writing and starring in French and Saunders, a comedy sketch show.
- Girls Town (film by Haas [1959])
Paul Anka: …aimed at teenage audiences, including Girls Town (1959) and Look in Any Window (1961). He played a U.S. Army Ranger in the war film The Longest Day (1962), for which he also wrote the theme music. As young people’s taste in popular music began to turn toward rock and roll…
- Girls Trip (film by Lee [2017])
Mariah Carey: …Daniels’ The Butler (2013) and Girls Trip (2017). She also lent her voice to All I Want for Christmas Is You (2017), an animated film inspired by her hit song. In 2013 she joined the television talent show American Idol as a judge for its 12th season, and two years…
- Girls! Girls! Girls! (film by Taurog [1962])
Norman Taurog: Elvis movies: …“Can’t Help Falling in Love”; Girls! Girls! Girls! (1962), which featured “Return to Sender”; and It Happened at the World’s Fair (1963), with Presley performing at the Seattle World’s Fair. Although they were box-office successes, critics derided the films as formulaic and musically uninspired.
- Girls5Eva (American television series)
Sara Bareilles: Theater work and later activities: …Dawn in the NBC sitcom Girls5Eva. The parody focuses on a fictional girl group from the 1990s that attempts a comeback 20 years after breaking up. Girls5Eva was canceled after two seasons, but in 2022 it was revived by Netflix.
- Girls: A Tetralogy of Novels, The (work by Montherlant)
Henry de Montherlant: …of the tetralogy was entitled The Girls: A Tetralogy of Novels.) This sardonic and misogynistic work describes the relationship between a libertine novelist and his adoring women victims. It exalts the pleasures of the body and of artistic creation while scornfully rejecting feminine possessiveness and sentiment. A similar arrogantly virile…
- Girnar (temple, India)
Gir Range: …because of the ancient Jaina temple of Girnar (historically called Raivata or Ujjayanta) situated on one of the hills; the temple is a major place of pilgrimage.
- Girnar Hills (physical region, India)
Girnar Hills, physiographic region on the Kathiawar Peninsula, Gujarat state, west-central India. At the foot of one of the hills is a rock bearing one of the rock edicts of Ashoka (3rd century bce). The same rock bears an inscription referring to the construction of a lake, called Sudarshana, in
- Girne (Cyprus)
Kyrenia, city, situated along the northern coast of Cyprus, in the Turkish Cypriot-administered area. Founded by the Achaeans, ancient Greek colonists, and fortified by the Byzantines, Franks, and Venetians, the city was the administrative headquarters of the Kyrenia district of the Republic of
- Giro d’Italia (cycling)
cycling: Modern sport racing: …three-week tours of Italy (the Giro d’Italia) and Spain (the Vuelta a España). Usually, the Giro is held in May and June, the Tour de France in July, the Vuelta in September, and the World Championships in October. Prizes in these races are substantial, amounting to $2.5 million in the…
- Girò, Anna (Italian singer)
Antonio Vivaldi: Life: In 1726 the contralto Anna Girò sang for the first time in a Vivaldi opera. Born in Mantua about 1711, she had gone to Venice to further her career as a singer. Her voice was not strong, but she was attractive and acted well. She became part of Vivaldi’s…
- Girodet, Anne-Louis (French painter)
Anne-Louis Girodet was a painter whose works exemplify the first phase of Romanticism in French art. Girodet began to study drawing in 1773. He later became a student of the Neoclassical architect Étienne-Louis Boullée, with whose encouragement he joined the studio of Jacques-Louis David in late
- Girodet-Trioson, Anne-Louis (French painter)
Anne-Louis Girodet was a painter whose works exemplify the first phase of Romanticism in French art. Girodet began to study drawing in 1773. He later became a student of the Neoclassical architect Étienne-Louis Boullée, with whose encouragement he joined the studio of Jacques-Louis David in late
- Girodias, Maurice (French publisher)
Maurice Girodias was a French publisher of banned books, including many classics of modern literature. As a young man Girodias worked closely with his father, Jack Kahane, whose Obelisk Press published such classics of erotica as Henry Miller’s Tropic of Cancer (1934) and Frank Harris’s My Life and
- Girón, Don Pedro (Spanish noble)
Juan de Padilla: …field by replacing Padilla with Don Pedro Girón, an important nobleman. After Charles’s troops had recovered Tordesillas (December 5) and Girón had defected, the Junta Santa recalled Padilla. Padilla’s reappointment was received with a great outpouring of popular enthusiasm. He occupied Torrelobatón on February 28, 1521. Seven weeks later, however,…
- Girona (Spain)
Girona, city, capital of Girona provincia (province), in the Catalonia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northeastern Spain. It lies on the Oñar River in the foothills of the Los Ángeles Mountains, a short distance inland from a Mediterranean coastal resort area known as the Costa Brava.
- Girona (province, Spain)
Girona, provincia (province) in the Catalonia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northeastern Spain. Girona is the northeasternmost province of the autonomous community and of Spain. It is bounded by France and the Pyrenees to the north, by the Mediterranean Sea to the east and southeast,
- Gironde (estuary, France)
Gironde, estuary on the Bay of Biscay, in Gironde département, Aquitaine région, southwestern France, formed by the confluence of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers (qq.v.). It trends from southeast to northwest for about 45 miles (72 km) and is navigable for oceangoing vessels, although it has
- Gironde (department, France)
Aquitaine: …the southwestern départements of Dordogne, Gironde, Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, and Pyrénées-Atlantiques. In 2016 the Aquitaine région was joined with the régions of Poitou-Charentes and Limousin to form the new administrative entity of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The present-day région of Nouvelle-Aquitaine roughly matches the western half of the historical region of Aquitaine.
- Girondin (political group, France)
Girondin, a label applied to a loose grouping of republican politicians, some of them originally from the département of the Gironde, who played a leading role in the Legislative Assembly from October 1791 to September 1792 during the French Revolution. Lawyers, intellectuals and journalists, the
- Girondo, Oliverio (Argentine writer, painter, and poet)
Oliverio Girondo was an Argentine writer, painter, and poet known for his involvement with Ultraism, a movement in poetry characterized by avant-garde imagery and symbolism as well as metrical complexity. Born to a well-to-do family, Girondo traveled extensively across Europe and other parts of the
- Girone il cortese (work by Alamanni)
Italian literature: Poetry: …on a single character in Girone il cortese (1548; “Girone the Courteous”) and Avarchide (1570), an imitation of the Iliad of Homer. Giambattista Giraldi, while more famous as a storyteller and a tragic playwright, was a literary theorist who tried to apply his own pragmatic theories in his poem Ercole…
- Gironella Pous, José María (Spanish author)
José María Gironella was a Spanish author best remembered for his long historical novel Los cipreses creen en Dios (1953; The Cypresses Believe in God), in which the conflicts within a family portrayed in the novel symbolize the dissension that overtook the people of Spain during the years
- Gironella, José María (Spanish author)
José María Gironella was a Spanish author best remembered for his long historical novel Los cipreses creen en Dios (1953; The Cypresses Believe in God), in which the conflicts within a family portrayed in the novel symbolize the dissension that overtook the people of Spain during the years
- Girouard v. United States (law case)
Harlan Fiske Stone: In Girouard v. United States, 328 U.S. 61, 76 (1946), the court followed Stone’s dissent in a similar case, United States v. Macintosh, 283 U.S. 605 (1931), in which he had argued that religious pacifists who refused to take the statutory oath to bear arms could…
- Girrard, Robert (American artist)
Thomas Kinkade was an American artist who built a successful industry on his light-infused paintings of tranquil idyllic scenes. Kinkade studied art history and took studio classes for two years at the University of California, Berkeley, before transferring to the Art Center College of Design in
- Girs, Nikolay Karlovich (Russian statesman)
Nikolay Karlovich Giers was a statesman and foreign minister of Russia during the reign of Alexander III (ruled 1881–94). He guided Russia into a rapprochement with France and thereby formed the basis of the Russo-Franco-British alliance that fought against the Central Powers in World War I. Having
- Girsu (ancient city, Iraq)
Lagash, one of the most important capital cities in ancient Sumer, located midway between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in southeastern Iraq. The ancient name of the mound of Telloh was actually Girsu, while Lagash originally denoted a site southeast of Girsu, later becoming the name of the whole
- Girtin, Thomas (British artist)
Thomas Girtin was a British artist who at the turn of the 19th century firmly established the aesthetic autonomy of watercolour (formerly used mainly to colour engravings) by employing its transparent washes to evoke a new sense of atmospheric space. While still boys, Girtin and his friend J.M.W.
- Girton College (college, University of Cambridge, England, United Kingdom)
coeducation: In England, Girton College at Cambridge was established for women in 1869, and the London School of Economics was opened to women in 1874. Germany permitted women to matriculate in 1901, and by 1910 women had been admitted to universities in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland,…
- Giry, Arthur (French historian)
Arthur Giry was a French historian noted for his studies of the French Middle Ages. After a brief career in administrative services and journalism, Giry devoted himself to scholarship. His first major work was Histoire de la ville de Saint-Omer et de ses institutions jusqu’au XIVe siècle (1877).
- Giry, Jean-Marie-Joseph-Arthur (French historian)
Arthur Giry was a French historian noted for his studies of the French Middle Ages. After a brief career in administrative services and journalism, Giry devoted himself to scholarship. His first major work was Histoire de la ville de Saint-Omer et de ses institutions jusqu’au XIVe siècle (1877).
- Giryama (people)
African art: Coastal East Africa: Like the Konso, the Giryama of Kenya produced grave posts surmounted by schematic heads. Notable among the remaining peoples who produce sculpture are the Kamba, who spontaneously developed a style of wood carving, embellished with coiled-wire jewelry ornament, now sold in gift shops; formerly their art was applied to…
- GIS (computer system)
GIS, computer system for performing geographical analysis. GIS has four interactive components: an input subsystem for converting into digital form (digitizing) maps and other spatial data; a storage and retrieval subsystem; an analysis subsystem; and an output subsystem for producing maps, tables,
- GIS (labor)
guaranteed wage plan: Known as the guaranteed income stream (GIS), this plan was designed to guarantee employees 50 percent of their hourly rate of pay until age 62. GIS programs were widely used during the economic slump of the early 1980s, when many labour settlements used it to provide income stability…
- Gisaengchung (film by Bong Joon-Ho [2019])
Parasite, South Korean thriller and black-comedy film, released in 2019, that was the first Korean film to win the prestigious Palme d’Or at the Cannes film festival and the first foreign-language film to win the Academy Award for best picture. Directed by acclaimed filmmaker Bong Joon-Ho, Parasite
- gisant (sculpture)
gisant, in sepulchral sculpture, a recumbent effigy representing the person dying or in death. The typical gisant depicts the deceased in “eternal repose,” awaiting the resurrection in prayer or holding attributes of office and clothed in the formal attire of his social class or office. A variant
- Gisborne (New Zealand)
Gisborne, city (“district”) and port on Poverty Bay, east coast of North Island, New Zealand. The city is located where the Waimata and Taruheru rivers join to form the Turanganui. It was the first area in New Zealand visited (1769) by Captain James Cook. It received its first permanent European
- Gisborne (unitary authority, New Zealand)
Gisborne, unitary authority, east-central North Island, New Zealand. The authority includes the eastern side of East Cape (the easternmost promontory of North Island), most of the Raukumara Range, and the Waipaoa and Mata rivers. Gisborne is bounded by the Bay of Plenty regional council to the west
- Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry (president of France)
Valéry Giscard d’Estaing was a French political leader, who served as the third president of the Fifth Republic of France (1974–81). Giscard was the eldest son of a prominent French financier and economist and member of a patrician family. He attended the École Polytechnique (interrupting his
- Gisela (duchess of Swabia)
Conrad II: In 1016 he married Gisela, the widowed duchess of Swabia and a descendant of Charlemagne. Conrad, however, was distantly related to Gisela. When strict canonists took exception to the marriage, Emperor Henry II, who was jealous of the growth of Conrad’s personal influence, used their findings as an excuse…
- Giselbert (king of Lotharingia)
Henry I: Henry defeated Giselbert, king of Lotharingia, in 925, and that region, which had become independent of Germany in 910, was brought back under German control. Giselbert, who was recognized as duke of Lotharingia, married the king’s daughter Gerberga in 928.
- Giselle (ballet by Adam)
Giselle, ballet by French composer Adolphe Adam, first performed in Paris on June 28, 1841. Other than the Christmas carol Minuit, Chrétiens (known in English as O Holy Night), Giselle is Adam’s most famous work. The idea for the ballet Giselle originated with French poet and novelist Théophile
- Gish (album by Smashing Pumpkins)
Smashing Pumpkins: …was the band’s debut album, Gish (1991), with its arena-ready anthems, multitracked guitars, and high melodrama, that helped transform the rock landscape of the 1990s. The Smashing Pumpkins got even bigger with the release of their second album, the multiplatinum Siamese Dream (1993), which featured the hits “Cherub Rock,” “Today,”…
- Gish, Dorothy (American actress)
Dorothy Gish was an American actress who, like her sister Lillian, was a major figure in silent films, particularly director D.W. Griffith’s classics. Gish grew up in New York City and made her stage debut at age four. She and Lillian formed close friendships with the actress Mary Pickford (then
- Gish, Dorothy Elizabeth (American actress)
Dorothy Gish was an American actress who, like her sister Lillian, was a major figure in silent films, particularly director D.W. Griffith’s classics. Gish grew up in New York City and made her stage debut at age four. She and Lillian formed close friendships with the actress Mary Pickford (then
- Gish, Lillian (American actress)
Lillian Gish was an American actress who, like her sister Dorothy, was a major figure in the early motion picture industry, particularly in director D.W. Griffith’s silent film classics. She is regarded as one of silent cinema’s finest actresses. (Read Lillian Gish’s 1929 Britannica essay on silent
- Gish, Lillian Diana (American actress)
Lillian Gish was an American actress who, like her sister Dorothy, was a major figure in the early motion picture industry, particularly in director D.W. Griffith’s silent film classics. She is regarded as one of silent cinema’s finest actresses. (Read Lillian Gish’s 1929 Britannica essay on silent
- Gísla saga (Icelandic literature)
Gísla saga, an Icelandic saga set in northwestern Iceland and written probably before the middle of the 13th century, which tells of an outlaw poet, Gísli Súrsson (d. c. ad 980), who was punished by his enemies for loyally avenging his foster brother. It includes rich descriptions of nature and is
- Gísla saga Súrssonar (Icelandic literature)
Gísla saga, an Icelandic saga set in northwestern Iceland and written probably before the middle of the 13th century, which tells of an outlaw poet, Gísli Súrsson (d. c. ad 980), who was punished by his enemies for loyally avenging his foster brother. It includes rich descriptions of nature and is
- Gislebert (French sculptor)
Gislebertus was a French sculptor who made major contributions to the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare in Autun and to several Burgundian churches from 1125 to 1135. Gislebertus first worked at Cluny and by 1115 was probably one of the chief assistants to the Master of Cluny. In the Cluny workshop he
- Gislebertus (French sculptor)
Gislebertus was a French sculptor who made major contributions to the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare in Autun and to several Burgundian churches from 1125 to 1135. Gislebertus first worked at Cluny and by 1115 was probably one of the chief assistants to the Master of Cluny. In the Cluny workshop he
- gismondine (mineral)
gismondine, rare mineral in the zeolite family. Many specimens have been found in Ireland and Iceland in basaltic lavas, along with such other zeolites as chabazite, thomsonite, and phillipsite. Gismondine forms colourless, bipyramidal crystals of orthorhombic symmetry; it is a hydrated calcium
- gismondite (mineral)
gismondine, rare mineral in the zeolite family. Many specimens have been found in Ireland and Iceland in basaltic lavas, along with such other zeolites as chabazite, thomsonite, and phillipsite. Gismondine forms colourless, bipyramidal crystals of orthorhombic symmetry; it is a hydrated calcium
- Gisors (France)
Gisors, market town, Eure département, Normandy région, northwestern France. It lies in the valley of the Epte River, northwest of Paris and southwest of Beauvais. The early town was dominated by an 11th- and 12th-century castle built by the kings of England and France, and its strategic position
- Gisors, Charles Fouquet, duc de (French marshal)
Charles Fouquet, duke de Belle-Isle was a marshal of France and statesman chiefly important for his role in involving France in the War of the Austrian Succession. A grandson of the notorious Nicolas Fouquet, finance minister under Louis XIV, Belle-Isle joined the army as a youth and fought in the
- Gisors, Treaty of (Flemish history)
Philip II: Early life and kingship: …July 1185 (confirmed by the Treaty of Gisors in May 1186), the king and the count of Flanders composed their differences (which had been chiefly over possession of Vermandois, in Picardy) so that the disputed territory was partitioned, Amiens and numerous other places passing to the king and the remainder,…
- Gissar Range (mountains, Central Asia)
Asia: Geologic and climatic influences: …in the Tien Shan and Gissar and Alay ranges, played a significant role.
- Gissey, Henri (French designer)
stagecraft: Costume in Baroque opera and ballet: Berain and Henri Gissey were attached to the Royal Cabinet of Louis XIV. Gissey is most famous for his celebrated Carrousel (1662), a horse spectacular never since surpassed in its magnificence—500 noblemen in plumed regalia escorted by a greater number of elaborately dressed attendants. Costumes represented different…
- Gissing, George (English novelist)
George Gissing was an English novelist, noted for the unflinching realism of his novels about the lower middle class. Gissing was educated at Owens College, Manchester, where his academic career was brilliant until he was expelled (and briefly imprisoned) for theft. His personal life remained,
- Gissing, George Robert (English novelist)
George Gissing was an English novelist, noted for the unflinching realism of his novels about the lower middle class. Gissing was educated at Owens College, Manchester, where his academic career was brilliant until he was expelled (and briefly imprisoned) for theft. His personal life remained,
- Gissurarson, Ísleifur (Icelandic bishop)
Icelandic literature: Prose: One of the first was Ísleifr, who, after being educated and ordained a priest, was consecrated bishop. His school at Skálholt in southern Iceland was for many centuries the chief bishopric and a main centre of learning. The earliest remembered historian is Sæmundr the Wise, but Ari Þorgilsson is regarded…
- GIST (pathology)
imatinib: …for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), which are rare cancers affecting interstitial cells that regulate the autonomic nervous function of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of imatinib against other types of cancers are ongoing.
- Gist, Christopher (American colonial explorer)
Christopher Gist was an American colonial explorer and military scout who wrote highly informative journals describing his experiences. Little is known about the early life of Gist, although it is probable that his surveyor father trained him in this profession. In 1750 he left his home in North
- Gist, George (Cherokee leader)
Sequoyah was the creator of the Cherokee writing system (see Cherokee language). Sequoyah was probably the son of a Virginia fur trader named Nathaniel Gist. Reared by his Cherokee mother, Wuh-teh of the Paint clan, in the Tennessee country, he never learned to speak, read, or write English. He was
- Gisu (people)
Mount Elgon: The Bantu-speaking Gishu (Gisu), cultivators of coffee, bananas, millet, and corn (maize), occupy the western slopes. Elgonyi was the Masai name for the mountain. The Scottish explorer Joseph Thomson visited the southern side of Elgon in 1883; in 1890 Frederick (later Sir Frederick) Jackson and Ernest Gedge traversed…
- Gisulf II (prince of Salerno)
Gisulph II was the prince of Salerno, the last important Lombard ruler to oppose the Norman conquest of southern Italy; his defeat marked the end of effective resistance to the Normans. In 1052 Gisulph’s father, Gaimar V, was assassinated in a revolt. Gisulph, held captive by the assassins, was
- Gisulfo (prince of Salerno)
Gisulph II was the prince of Salerno, the last important Lombard ruler to oppose the Norman conquest of southern Italy; his defeat marked the end of effective resistance to the Normans. In 1052 Gisulph’s father, Gaimar V, was assassinated in a revolt. Gisulph, held captive by the assassins, was
- Gisulph II (prince of Salerno)
Gisulph II was the prince of Salerno, the last important Lombard ruler to oppose the Norman conquest of southern Italy; his defeat marked the end of effective resistance to the Normans. In 1052 Gisulph’s father, Gaimar V, was assassinated in a revolt. Gisulph, held captive by the assassins, was
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GitHub: The system “Git” functions as the “skeleton” of GitHub’s network, while GitHub’s name refers to the user platform where Git developers interact with and share each other’s work. GitHub remains the dominant version control system (VCS) for software development and is often credited for its user-friendly interface.…
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Gītagovinda, (Sanskrit: “The Poem in which the Cowherd Is Sung”), lyrical poem celebrating the romance of the divine cowherd Krishna and his beloved, Rādhā, renowned both for its high literary value and for its expression of religious longing, and popular particularly among Vaiṣṇavas (followers of
- Gita Press (Hindu publishing organization)
Gita Press, Hinduism’s largest printer, publisher, and distributor of religious literature. Envisaged as the Hindu equivalent of a Christian Bible society, Gita Press was established on April 29, 1923, in the town of Gorakhpur by altruistic businessmen under the direction of Jayadayal Goyandka