Bettina von Arnim: …with Karoline von Günderode (Die Günderode, 1840), and with her brother Clemens Brentano (Clemens Brentanos Frühlingskranz, 1844; “Clemens Brentano’s Spring Garland”). The result of her editing is a peculiar blend of documentation and fiction, written in a brilliantly vivid, uninhibited style. Her mother, Maximiliane, née von La Roche, and…

golf: The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA): …following decade include Jan Stephenson, Jo-Anne Carner, Amy Alcott, and Judy Rankin. The most notable player to emerge during the ’70s was Nancy Lopez, who, by winning nine tournaments (including a record five straight) during her first full season on the tour (1978), was a major force in increasing the…

Cernunnos: …to be portrayed on the Gundestrup Caldron, a silver vessel found at Gundestrup in Jutland, Denmark, and dating to about the 1st century bce.

gundi, (family Ctenodactylidae), any of five North African species of rodents distinguished by its comblike rows of bristles on the inner two toes of each hindfoot. Gundis have a large head, blunt nose, big eyes, and short, rounded ears. The body is 16 to 24 cm (6.3 to 9.4 inches) long, and there

Gundobad was a barbarian general during the last days of the Roman Empire in the west, and king of the Burgundians (c. 474–516). The nephew of the barbarian emperor-maker Ricimer, Gundobad briefly held the supreme military command in the Roman service. In 473 he emulated his uncle when he himself

Gunther was a Burgundian king who was the hero of medieval legends. The historical Gunther led the Burgundians across the Rhine in the early 5th century, establishing a kingdom at Worms. He supported the imperial usurper Jovinus (411) and fell in battle against the Huns in 437. Gunther (called

Gunther was a Burgundian king who was the hero of medieval legends. The historical Gunther led the Burgundians across the Rhine in the early 5th century, establishing a kingdom at Worms. He supported the imperial usurper Jovinus (411) and fell in battle against the Huns in 437. Gunther (called

Saint Clotilda: Clotilda was the granddaughter of Gundioc, king of Burgundy, who was related to the Visigothic kings and shared their Arian Christian faith. At Gundioc’s death his kingdom was divided between his four sons, Gundobad, Godegesil, Chilperic, and Gundomar. Clotilda’s father Chilperic and her mother were murdered by Gundobad, and Clotilda…

Domingo Gundisalvo was an archdeacon of Segovia, philosopher and linguist whose Latin translations of Greco-Arabic philosophical works contributed to the Latin West’s knowledge of the Eastern Aristotelian and Neoplatonic traditions and advanced the integration of Christian philosophy with the

Gundlakamma River, river, east-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. The Gundlakamma rises in the Nallamalla Range of the Eastern Ghats. After crossing the mountains, it enters the plains and flows in a northeasterly direction past Markapur to the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, into

Gundobad was a barbarian general during the last days of the Roman Empire in the west, and king of the Burgundians (c. 474–516). The nephew of the barbarian emperor-maker Ricimer, Gundobad briefly held the supreme military command in the Roman service. In 473 he emulated his uncle when he himself

Gundobad: …two codes of law, the Lex Gundobada, applying to all his subjects, and, somewhat later, the Lex Romana Burgundionum, applying to his Roman subjects.

Ivan Gundulić was a Croatian poet and dramatist whose epic poem Osman (the oldest existing copy is dated approximately 1651; it was first published in 1826; Eng. trans. Osman) was the outstanding achievement of the Renaissance and Baroque flowering of art and literature that gave Dubrovnik the name

Ivan Gundulić was a Croatian poet and dramatist whose epic poem Osman (the oldest existing copy is dated approximately 1651; it was first published in 1826; Eng. trans. Osman) was the outstanding achievement of the Renaissance and Baroque flowering of art and literature that gave Dubrovnik the name

Kirill I is the Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia from 2009. Gundyaev took the monastic name Kirill in 1969 while a seminarian. He graduated in 1970 from Leningrad Theological Academy, where he served as lecturer in dogmatic theology for one year. In 1971 Kirill was appointed

Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, American western film, released in 1957, that was loosely based on the shootout (1881) that made mythical heroes of Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday. The film begins in Fort Griffin, Texas, where lawman Wyatt Earp (played by Burt Lancaster) first encounters Doc Holliday

The Gunfighter, American western film, released in 1950, that is credited with introducing the “psychological western,” a subgenre that favoured character studies over action. Jimmy Ringo (played by Gregory Peck) is haunted by his unwanted reputation as the fastest gunslinger in the West. A

algae: Evolution and paleontology of algae: …Porphyridium are known from the Gunflint Iron Formation of North America (formed about 1.9 billion years ago). Fossils that resemble modern tetraspores are known from the Amelia Dolomites of Australia (formed some 1.5 billion years ago). The best characterized fossils are the coralline red algae represented in fossil beds since…

algae: Evolution and paleontology of algae: …Porphyridium are known from the Gunflint Iron Formation of North America (formed about 1.9 billion years ago). Fossils that resemble modern tetraspores are known from the Amelia Dolomites of Australia (formed some 1.5 billion years ago). The best characterized fossils are the coralline red algae represented in fossil beds since…

Gunflint microfossils, assemblage of microscopic fossils uncovered in the Gunflint Iron Formation, a rock layer about two billion years old exposed in western Ontario, Canada. The fossils include filamentous structures resembling blue-green algae (e.g., Gunflintia, Entosphaeroides, and Animikiea),

Patti Smith: …Peace and Noise (1997) and Gung Ho (2000). Smith continued releasing new records in the 21st century, among them Banga (2012). If anything, that late work showed her stronger than before, full of the old fire but purged of her more extreme excesses. She later collaborated with the international sound-art…

Michael Keaton: Mom (1983), Johnny Dangerously (1984), Gung Ho (1986), and the Tim Burton horror-comedy Beetlejuice (1988), in which Keaton co-starred with Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, and Winona Ryder and appeared in the title role as an obnoxious mischievous ghost.

Barrack-Room Ballads: …verses as “Danny Deever,” “Gunga Din,” and “Mandalay.” The book was a popular success and made Kipling a power among contemporary poets.

Gunga Din, American action-adventure film, released in 1939, that was inspired by Rudyard Kipling’s famous 1892 poem of the same name. The story traces the adventures of a trio of maverick British sergeants—Cutter (played by Cary Grant), MacChesney (Victor McLaglen), and Ballantine (Douglas

Dilip Kumar: …Roy’s Madhumati (1958), Nitin Bose’s Gunga Jumna (1961), and Tapan Sinha’s Sagina (1974).

Joseph Gungl was an Austro-Hungarian bandmaster and composer of more than 300 popular dances and marches in the light Viennese style. Gungl was an oboist and later a bandmaster in the Austrian army. In 1843 he formed a celebrated light orchestra in Berlin. In 1849 he toured the United States and in

Gungunhana was a Southern African king who ruled the last great independent African kingdom, Gaza, which from 1885 until 1889 was located on the Sabi River (also called Save) in what is now eastern Zimbabwe; after 1889 it was located on the lower Limpopo River in what is now southern Mozambique. He

history of Mesopotamia: Political fragmentation: …ruler of the latter dynasty, Gungunum (ruled c. 1932–c. 1906), conquered Ur and established himself as the equal and rival of Isin; at this stage—the end of the 20th century bce—if not before, Ur had certainly outlived itself. From Gungunum until the temporary unification of Mesopotamia under Hammurabi, the political…

Gungunhana was a Southern African king who ruled the last great independent African kingdom, Gaza, which from 1885 until 1889 was located on the Sabi River (also called Save) in what is now eastern Zimbabwe; after 1889 it was located on the lower Limpopo River in what is now southern Mozambique. He

shotcrete, concrete applied by spraying. Shotcrete is a mixture of aggregate and portland cement, conveyed by compressed air to the nozzle of a spray gun, where water is added. The wet mixture is then sprayed in place and may be carved or troweled almost immediately. For structural uses, shotcrete

Japan: The ritsuryō system: …by officials known as kokushi, gunji, and richō, respectively. The posts of kokushi were filled by members of the central bureaucracy in turn, but the posts of gunji and richō were staffed by members of prominent local families.

Ha Island, abandoned coal-mining centre some 3 miles (5 km) offshore, Nagasaki prefecture, northwestern Kyushu, Japan. The island, nicknamed Battleship Island (Gunkan-jima) because its silhouette resembles a battleship, was bought and developed by the Mitsubishi Mining Company in 1890. It closed in

Hermann Gunkel was a German Old Testament scholar who was one of the first to develop the method of biblical criticism known as form criticism. Educated at the University of Göttingen, Gunkel taught there and at Halle, Berlin, and Giessen. A leading member of the History of Religions school, he

Hermann Gunkel was a German Old Testament scholar who was one of the first to develop the method of biblical criticism known as form criticism. Educated at the University of Göttingen, Gunkel taught there and at Halle, Berlin, and Giessen. A leading member of the History of Religions school, he

Japanese literature: Kamakura period (1192–1333): …of the period is the gunki monogatari, or war tale. The most famous, Heike monogatari (The Tale of the Heike), was apparently first written at the court about 1220, probably by a nobleman who drew his materials from the accounts recited by priests of the warfare between the Taira (Heike)…

Peter Cornelius: …play by Pierre Corneille) and Gunlöd (libretto adapted from the Edda), which was completed after his death by Carl Hoffbauer and Eduard Lassen and produced in 1891.

Phil Karlson: Film noirs: Karlson ended the decade with Gunman’s Walk (1958), a western starring Van Heflin as a rancher having problems with his sons (played by James Darren and Tab Hunter).

Javier Bardem: …that also starred Cruz, and The Gunman (2015), an action film centred on mineral conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 2017 Bardem appeared as the undead Captain Salazar in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales and as a poet whose marriage is tested by…

gunmetal, variety of bronze, formerly used for ordnance. Modern admiralty gunmetal is composed of 88 percent copper, 10 percent tin, and 2 percent zinc and is used for gears and bearings that are to be subjected to heavy loads and low speeds. It withstands atmospheric, steam, and seawater corrosion

Gunn effect: …in a solid-state device, the Gunn diode, to produce short radio waves called microwaves. The effect was discovered by J.B. Gunn in the early 1960s. It has been detected only in a few materials.

Gunn effect, high-frequency oscillation of electrical current flowing through certain semiconducting solids. The effect is used in a solid-state device, the Gunn diode, to produce short radio waves called microwaves. The effect was discovered by J.B. Gunn in the early 1960s. It has been detected

Gunn effect: …in a solid-state device, the Gunn diode, to produce short radio waves called microwaves. The effect was discovered by J.B. Gunn in the early 1960s. It has been detected only in a few materials.

Breaking Bad: Premise and characters: …his pregnant wife, Skyler (Anna Gunn), and teenage son Walt Jr. (RJ Mitte) with financial security before his death, White partners with his ne’er-do-well former student Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul) to make and sell methamphetamine. Their laboratory is a used recreational vehicle parked in the desert. Their product is…

Australian literature: Nationalism and expansion: …of the times—proprietary, as in Mrs. Aeneas Gunn’s The Little Black Princess (1905) for young readers and in her autobiographical We of the Never-Never (1908), about her experiences on a station in the Northern Territory, the last region of Australia to attract European expansion. It still regards itself as the…

Neil Miller Gunn was a Scottish author whose novels are set in the Highlands and in the seaside villages of his native land. Gunn entered the civil service at age 15, working for Customs and Excise from 1911 to 1937. His first novel, The Grey Coast, was published in 1926. His third book, Morning

Thom Gunn was an English poet whose verse is notable for its adroit, terse language and counterculture themes. The son of a successful London journalist, Gunn attended University College School in London and Trinity College in Cambridge, where he received a B.A. (1953) and M.A. (1958). In 1954 he

Thom Gunn was an English poet whose verse is notable for its adroit, terse language and counterculture themes. The son of a successful London journalist, Gunn attended University College School in London and Trinity College in Cambridge, where he received a B.A. (1953) and M.A. (1958). In 1954 he

Japan: The maturity of Edo culture: …extreme example, an uprising in Gunnai district of Kai province (Yamanashi prefecture), then under direct bakufu control, eventually attracted more than 50,000 participants and for a time reduced the center of Kai to anarchy. The depth of the bakufu’s shock can be gauged from the fact that they sentenced 562…

Gunther was a Burgundian king who was the hero of medieval legends. The historical Gunther led the Burgundians across the Rhine in the early 5th century, establishing a kingdom at Worms. He supported the imperial usurper Jovinus (411) and fell in battle against the Huns in 437. Gunther (called

Icelandic literature: The Icelanders’ sagas: …endowed with prophetic gifts, and Gunnar, who is young and inexperienced. Njáll embodies traditional Norse ideals of loyalty and bravery yet faces his death by burning with the resignation of a Christian martyr.

Gunnar Gunnarsson was an Icelandic novelist and short-story writer who, like many Icelanders of the 20th century, chose to write in Danish to reach a larger public. Gunnarsson belonged to a family of parsons and farmers. Having published two collections of verse in Icelandic before he was 17, he

Gunnbjørn Mountain, mountain in southeastern Greenland, 40 miles (65 km) inland from the Blosseville Coast. The highest point in Greenland (12,139 feet [3,700 m]), it is located in a belt of mountains exceeding 7,000 feet (2,000 m) that extends 500 miles (800 km) down the Blosseville Coast. It was

Gunnbjørn Mountain, mountain in southeastern Greenland, 40 miles (65 km) inland from the Blosseville Coast. The highest point in Greenland (12,139 feet [3,700 m]), it is located in a belt of mountains exceeding 7,000 feet (2,000 m) that extends 500 miles (800 km) down the Blosseville Coast. It was

Gunnedah, town, east-central New South Wales, Australia. It is situated at the junction of the Conadilly and Namoi rivers, in the centre of the Liverpool Plains district. What was the eventual site of Gunnedah was discovered in 1818 by the explorer John Oxley and remained undeveloped until easier

gunnel, any of the long, eellike fishes of the family Pholidae (order Perciformes). Gunnels have a long, spiny dorsal fin running the length of the body and pelvic fins that, if present, are very small. About eight species are found in the northern regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They

Gunnerales: …each with just one genus—respectively, Gunnera (40–50 species) and Myrothamnus (2 species).

Gunnerales: … flowering plants containing two families, Gunneraceae and Myrothamnaceae, each with just one genus—respectively, Gunnera (40–50 species) and Myrothamnus (2 species).

Gunnerales, small order of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing two families, Gunneraceae and Myrothamnaceae, each with just one genus—respectively, Gunnera (40–50 species) and Myrothamnus (2 species). Members of Gunneraceae and Myrothamnaceae look at first sight very different. Gunneraceae

Arsenal, English professional football (soccer) team based in London. Arsenal is one of the most successful squads in English football history, having played in the country’s top division (Football League First Division to 1992, Premier League thereafter) each season since 1919. In the process it

military technology: Gunnery: During most of the black-powder era, with smoothbore cannon firing spherical projectiles, artillery fire was never precisely accurate at long ranges. (Aiming and firing were particularly difficult in naval gunnery, since the gunner had to predict the roll of the ship in order to…

Gunnison, city, seat (1880) of Gunnison county, west-central Colorado, U.S. It lies along the Gunnison River, just north of the San Juan Mountains of the Rockies, at an elevation of 7,703 feet (2,348 metres). Lying between the Sawatch Range and the Elk Mountains, the city is surrounded by the

Gunnison: …city is surrounded by the Gunnison National Forest, for which it is headquarters. It originated as a silver-mining camp and was named for Captain John William Gunnison, an Indian fighter and railroad surveyor who had explored the area in 1853. The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad arrived in 1881,…

Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park: …canyon was cut by the Gunnison River (named for the army engineer John W. Gunnison) and its tributaries. At the section where its walls are steepest, it is 10 miles (16 km) long with depths ranging from 1,730 to 2,425 feet (525 to 740 metres), while its rim width narrows…

prairie dog: … from Canada to northern Mexico; Gunnison’s prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) occurs where Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah meet; the white-tailed prairie dog (C. leucurus) is found from eastern Wyoming through intermontane Rocky Mountain valleys to the eastern margin of the Great Basin; the Utah prairie dog (C. parvidens) is…

saga: Kings’ sagas: …brother in the same monastery, Gunnlaugur Leifsson, expanded this biography, and his work was incorporated into later versions of Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar. Closely related to the lives of the kings of Norway are Færeyinga saga, describing the resistance of Faeroese leaders to Norwegian interference during the first part of the…

saga: Sagas of Icelanders: In Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu, which may have been written after the middle of the 13th century, the love theme is treated more romantically than in the others. Fóstbræðra saga (“The Blood-Brothers’ Saga”) describes two contrasting heroes: one a poet and lover, the other a ruthless killer.…

Icelandic literature: The 19th century: …and a philosopher and mathematician, Björn Gunnlaugsson. The principal movement in this renaissance was Romanticism. Inspired by the philosopher Henrik Steffens, Bjarni Thorarensen produced nationalistic poetry that became a model for 19th-century lyrical poetry. Jónas Hallgrímsson, however, surpassed Thorarensen as a metrist. He was one of four men involved in…

Iceland: Political developments: …23 under Progressive Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson.

warship: Gun-armed warships: Following him, Henry VIII initiated gunports in English warships, a development that was to have a far-reaching effect on man-of-war design. Neither stability nor structural strength favoured heavy guns in the high castles built upon the deck, so that Henry’s introduction of gunports, at first low in the waist of…

gunpowder, any of several low-explosive mixtures used as propelling charges in guns and as blasting agents in mining. The first such explosive was black powder, which consists of a mixture of saltpetre (potassium nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal. When prepared in roughly the correct proportions (75

Gunpowder Plot, the conspiracy of English Roman Catholics to blow up Parliament and King James I, his queen, and his eldest son on November 5, 1605. The leader of the plot, Robert Catesby, together with his four coconspirators—Thomas Winter, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Guy Fawkes—were zealous

Ride the High Country, American western film, released in 1962, that was a revisionist take on the genre. It was the second movie by director Sam Peckinpah, and its embittered characters and realistic gunplay began to establish the formulas for which he became famous. Ex-lawman Steve Judd (played

Guns N’ Roses, American band that invigorated late 1980s heavy metal music with its raw energy. The principal members were Axl Rose (original name William Bailey; b. February 6, 1962, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.), Slash (original name Saul Hudson; b. July 23, 1965, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire,

Barbara Tuchman: In 1962 Tuchman’s The Guns of August (also published as August 1914) was published to widespread critical and popular acclaim. This work is a detailed account of the first month of World War I, and it vividly describes the series of military errors and miscalculations that led to…

The Guns of Navarone, British-American war movie, released in 1961, that is considered one of the great World War II epics; it was based on Alistair MacLean’s best-selling novel. The film follows a small group of commandos sent to Greece on a seemingly impossible mission: to blow up massive Nazi

Gunsan, city and port, North Jeolla do (province), western South Korea. Gunsan is situated on the province’s Yellow Sea coast 25 miles (40 km) west-northwest of the provincial capital, Jeonju, and 7.5 miles (12 km) from the mouth of the Geum River. From the time of the Joseon (Yi) dynasty

Gunsan, city and port, North Jeolla do (province), western South Korea. Gunsan is situated on the province’s Yellow Sea coast 25 miles (40 km) west-northwest of the provincial capital, Jeonju, and 7.5 miles (12 km) from the mouth of the Geum River. From the time of the Joseon (Yi) dynasty

ballistics: …of sound, is heard as gunfire. Heat generated near the muzzle causes flash, which in large guns is accompanied by flames. Devices can be affixed to the muzzle to suppress blast and flash by dispersing shock waves, and they can reduce recoil by deflecting the outflow.

bullet ant: …said to feel like a gunshot—hence the insect’s common name—and it is considered to be the most painful of all insect stings. In Venezuela the bullet ant is known as the “24-hour ant,” in reference to the length of time a person may feel pain from a sting.

gunsight, any of numerous optical devices that aid in aiming a firearm. Its forms include the simple iron sights on pistols and the more complex front and rear sights on target and high-powered sporting rifles. Front sights are usually fixed and rear sights movable so they can be adjusted both for

Gunsmoke, American television western that aired on CBS for 20 seasons (1955–75), becoming the longest-running prime-time television western in history. The series was the top-rated show from 1957 to 1961 and maintained excellent ratings throughout its run. Gunsmoke was set in Dodge City, Kansas,

radio: Westerns: The most influential adult western, Gunsmoke, did for the western what Dragnet had done for the police drama by eschewing cartoonish characters and substituting the grit, grime, and blood of the Old West. The cast was headed by William Conrad, whose deep rumbling voice gave the character of U.S. Marshal…

Patricia Grace is a New Zealand writer who was a foundational figure in the rise and development of Māori fiction. Her work has been acclaimed for its depiction of Māori culture in general as well as Māori diversity, and she helped give a voice to her culture and to reveal to the larger world what

Reșat Nuri Güntekin was a prolific Turkish novelist, short-story writer, journalist, and playwright. His best known work is the novel C̦alıkușu (1922, “The Wren”; Eng. trans. The Autobiography of a Turkish Girl, 1949). In C̦alıkușu, a picaresque tale of a young schoolteacher, Güntekin combines

surveyor’s chain, measuring device and arbitrary measurement unit still widely used for surveying in English-speaking countries. Invented by the English mathematician Edmund Gunter in the early 17th century, Gunter’s chain is exactly 22 yards (about 20 m) long and divided into 100 links. In the

Edmund Gunter was an English mathematician who invented many useful measuring devices, including a forerunner of the slide rule. Gunter was professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, from 1619 until his death. Descriptions of some of his inventions were given in his treatises on the sector,

Guntersville, city, seat (1836) of Marshall county, northeastern Alabama, U.S., on Guntersville Lake, about 35 miles (55 km) southeast of Huntsville. First settled about 1785 by John Gunter (for whom it was named) on the site of a Cherokee village at the southernmost point of the Tennessee River,

coin: Post-Roman coinage in the West: In Africa the Vandal kings Gunthamund (484–496) and Hilderic (523–?530) issued silver and bronze coinage, respectively, inscribed with their names; the types and denominations looked to imperial models and, in the case of the bronze, to those of Carthage especially. Vandal gold was perhaps struck by Gaiseric (428–477) or Huneric…

Gunther was a Burgundian king who was the hero of medieval legends. The historical Gunther led the Burgundians across the Rhine in the early 5th century, establishing a kingdom at Worms. He supported the imperial usurper Jovinus (411) and fell in battle against the Huns in 437. Gunther (called

Gunther was a Burgundian king who was the hero of medieval legends. The historical Gunther led the Burgundians across the Rhine in the early 5th century, establishing a kingdom at Worms. He supported the imperial usurper Jovinus (411) and fell in battle against the Huns in 437. Gunther (called

Günther was the count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg and rival king of Germany (1349), who claimed the throne as successor to the Holy Roman emperor Louis IV the Bavarian (died 1347) in opposition to Charles of Luxembourg. The younger son of Henry VII, count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (died 1323),

porphyria: …of erythropoietic porphyria: (1) In congenital erythropoietic porphyria, or Günther’s disease, the excretion of pinkish urine is noted shortly after birth; later, the skin becomes fragile, and blisters may appear in body areas exposed to light; the teeth and bones are reddish brown. Anemia and enlargement of the spleen are…

Ignaz Günther was a sculptor who was one of the leading Rococo artists in Germany. Günther’s earliest studies in sculpture were likely with his father, a carpenter and cabinetmaker. He studied in Munich with Johann Baptist Straub, with Paul Egell in Mannheim, and eventually, in 1753, at the Academy

Ignaz Günther was a sculptor who was one of the leading Rococo artists in Germany. Günther’s earliest studies in sculpture were likely with his father, a carpenter and cabinetmaker. He studied in Munich with Johann Baptist Straub, with Paul Egell in Mannheim, and eventually, in 1753, at the Academy

Johann Christian Günther was one of the most important German lyric poets of the period between the Middle Ages and the early Goethe. He studied medicine at Wittenberg but after two years of dissolute life went in 1717 to Leipzig, where an effort to procure him the post of stipendiary poet at the

John Gunther was a journalist and author who became famous for his series of sociopolitical books describing and interpreting for American readers various regions of the world, beginning with Inside Europe (1936). Gunther attended the University of Chicago, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa

Western painting: Central Europe: The frescoes of Matthäus Günther, who became director of the Augsburg Academy in 1762, show a steady evolution from his early Baroque compositions, through the much lighter asymmetrical Rococo compositions, to the strongly sculptural quality of his late works, which reveal the onset of Neoclassicism.

Richard Strauss: Life: …premiere of his first opera, Guntram, with his fiancée Pauline de Ahna in the leading soprano role. She had become his singing pupil in 1887, and they were married in September 1894. Pauline’s tempestuous, tactless, and outspoken personality was the reverse of her husband’s aloof and detached nature, and her…

Guntram was a Merovingian king of Burgundy who strove to maintain a balance of power among his warring relations. Guntram received the kingdom of Orleans, including Burgundy in the quadripartite division of the lands of his father, Chlotar I, which took place on the king’s death in 561, and added

house of Habsburg: Origins: Radbot’s grandfather, Guntram the Rich, the earliest traceable ancestor of the house, may perhaps be identified with a Count Guntram who rebelled against the German king Otto I in 950. Radbot’s son Werner I (died 1096) bore the title count of Habsburg and was the grandfather of…