gittern: …the guitarra latina and the guitarra morisca. The latter was also known as the guitarra saracenica.

mariachi: …in the Spanish Renaissance; the guitarrón, a large, fretless six-string bass guitar; a standard six-string acoustic guitar; and violins and trumpets, which usually play the melody. Trumpets were not added until the early 20th century, but they are now more or less an essential element. Mariachi music initially consisted of…

James A. Garfield: Assassination: , by Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed office seeker with messianic visions. The first shot only grazed Garfield’s arm, but the second bullet pierced his back and lodged behind his pancreas. (In a letter dated November 1880, Garfield had written, “Assassination can be no more guarded against…

Gulag: …a new body, GUITK (Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-Trudovykh Kolony, or “Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Colonies”).

Sacha Guitry was a prodigious French playwright, director, and screenwriter who often acted in his own productions Sacha, the son of the actor Lucien Guitry, achieved his first theatrical success with Nono (1905). This was followed by Chez les Zoaques (1906), Petite Hollande (1908), Le Scandale de

Lucien Guitry was a French actor noted for his combination of broad range and economy of effect. Immediately after leaving the Conservatoire Guitry appeared as Armand in La Dame aux camélias (1878). His style of acting, sparing in gesture and theatrical effects, at first surprised, rather than

Sacha Guitry was a prodigious French playwright, director, and screenwriter who often acted in his own productions Sacha, the son of the actor Lucien Guitry, achieved his first theatrical success with Nono (1905). This was followed by Chez les Zoaques (1906), Petite Hollande (1908), Le Scandale de

Guittone d’Arezzo was the founder of the Tuscan school of courtly poetry. Knowledge of Guittone’s life comes mainly from his writings. Born near Arezzo, he travelled for commercial reasons, being an exile from Arezzo after 1256 for his Guelf sympathies. Guittone became the centre of an admiring

Guiyang, city and capital of Guizhou sheng (province), China. It is situated in the central part of Guizhou on the Nanming River, a headstream of the Wu River, which eventually joins the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) at Fuling in Chongqing municipality. Guiyang is a natural route centre, with

Guizhou, sheng (province) of southwestern China. It is bounded to the north by Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality, to the east by Hunan province, to the south by the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi, and to the west by Yunnan province. Guizhou measures more than 350 miles (560 km) from

Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, highland region comprising the northern part of Yunnan province and the western part of Guizhou province, south-central China. Yunnan is more distinctly a plateau with areas of rolling uplands, precipitous folded and fault-block mountain ranges, and deep, river-cut gorges.

François Guizot was a French political figure and historian who, as leader of the conservative constitutional monarchists during the July Monarchy (1830–48), was the dominant minister in France. Guizot’s father was executed by the National Convention in 1794, and Guizot went into exile with his

François Guizot was a French political figure and historian who, as leader of the conservative constitutional monarchists during the July Monarchy (1830–48), was the dominant minister in France. Guizot’s father was executed by the National Convention in 1794, and Guizot went into exile with his

Gujrat, city, northeastern Punjab province, Pakistan. The city lies just north of the Chenab River and is connected with Lahore and Peshawar via the Grand Trunk Road. The present city, which lies on the site of a succession of earlier cities, developed around the fort built by the Mughal emperor

Gujarat, state of India, located on the country’s western coast, on the Arabian Sea. It encompasses the entire Kathiawar Peninsula (Saurashtra) as well as the surrounding area on the mainland. The state is bounded primarily by Pakistan to the northwest and by the Indian states of Rajasthan to the

Gujarat Plains, vast plains area of central Gujarat state, western India. The plains extend over about 12,800 square miles (33,000 square km) and are bounded by the desert fringe of Rajasthan state to the north, the hills of eastern Gujarat to the east, the Arabian Sea to the south, and the

Gujarāt woodwork, architectural carving executed in the state of Gujarāt in India. Gujarāt was the chief centre of wood carving in India from at least the 15th century. Even when stone as a building material was handled with great ease and confidence, the people of Gujarāt continued to use wood

Gujarati language, Indo-Aryan member of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages. Gujarati is officially recognized in the Indian constitution and is spoken by more than 46 million people. Most of these reside in the Indian state of Gujarat, though there are significant diaspora

Gujarati literature, literature of the Gujarati language, a major tongue of India. The oldest examples of Gujarati literature date from the writings of the 12th-century Jain scholar and saint Hemachandra. The language had fully developed by the late 12th century. There are works extant from the

Himalayas: People of the Himalayas: …Kashmir and the Gaddi and Gujari, who live in the hilly areas of the Lesser Himalayas. Traditionally, the Gaddi are a hill people; they possess large flocks of sheep and herds of goats and go down with them from their snowy abode in the Outer Himalayas only in winter, returning…

South Asian arts: Urdu: …of Urdu, variously known as Gujari, Hindawi, and Dakhani, show more affinity with eastern Punjabi and Haryani than with Khari Boli, which provides the grammatical structure of standard modern Urdu. The reasons for putting together the literary products of these dialects, forming a continuous tradition with those in Urdu, are…

shinshoku: …rank of shinshoku is the gūji (chief priest). In large shrines he generally has serving under him the gon-gūji (associate chief priest), negi (priest, or senior priest), and gon-negi ( junior priest).

encyclopaedia: China: In 1726 the huge Gujin tushu jicheng (“Collection of Pictures and Writings”) was published by order of the emperor. Edited by the scholar Chen Menglei, it filled more than 750,000 pages and attempted to embody the whole of the Chinese cultural heritage.

Inder Kumar Gujral: …who is remembered for the Gujral Doctrine, a policy grounded on India’s unilaterally reaching out diplomatically to its neighbours without the expectation of reciprocity.

Inder Kumar Gujral was an Indian politician who served briefly as prime minister of India from April 21, 1997, to March 19, 1998, and who is remembered for the Gujral Doctrine, a policy grounded on India’s unilaterally reaching out diplomatically to its neighbours without the expectation of

Gujranwala, city, northeastern Punjab province, northeastern Pakistan. The city is connected by rail and the Grand Trunk Road with Peshawar and Lahore. An agricultural marketing centre (grains, melons, sugarcane), it is also a commercial and industrial centre, manufacturing ceramics, iron safes,

Gujrat, city, northeastern Punjab province, Pakistan. The city lies just north of the Chenab River and is connected with Lahore and Peshawar via the Grand Trunk Road. The present city, which lies on the site of a succession of earlier cities, developed around the fort built by the Mughal emperor

Battle of Gujrat, (Feb. 21, 1849), engagement between the Sikh army of Sher Singh and a British-Indian army led by Hugh Gough, 1st Baron (later 1st Viscount) Gough, at Gujrat (now in Pakistan). It was the last and decisive battle in the Second Sikh War (1848–49), leading to the British annexation

Jien: …In his great work, the Gukanshō (literally, “Jottings of a Fool”)—completed about 1220—he attempted to analyze the facts of Japanese history.

Gukovo, city, Rostov oblast (province), southwestern Russia. It is one of the centres of the coal industry in the Donets Basin and is located in the eastern part of the coalfield. Construction is also important, employing one-quarter of the labour force. A technical college in the city is devoted

Poland: Media and publishing: Under the communist government, the Main Office for the Control of the Press, Publications, and Public Performances (GUKPIW), headquartered in Warsaw, controlled the media, publishing, films, theatres, exhibitions, advertising, and related activities. The bureau maintained an office in all television and radio stations, press and publishing houses, film and theatre…

Gül Baba was a Turkish Bektashi dervish whose türbe (tomb) in Buda (part of present-day Budapest) became a Muslim place of pilgrimage. Gül Baba arrived in Hungary in 1541 in the company of Süleyman I. According to 17th-century Turkish traveler and writer Evliya Çelebi, Baba died in Buda during the

Abdullah Gül is a Turkish politician who served as prime minister (2002–03) and president of Turkey (2007–14). Gül inherited his politics from his father, who owned a modest metalworking shop and who had stood unsuccessfully as a parliamentary candidate of the National Salvation Party (NSP; Millî

Chad: Ethnic groups: …Sara groups and, like the Gula and Tumak of the Goundi area, are culturally distinct from their Sara neighbours. Along the banks of the Chari and Logone rivers, and in the region between the two rivers, are found the Tangale peoples.

Bau, in Mesopotamian religion, city goddess of Urukug in the Lagash region of Sumer and, under the name Nininsina, the Queen of Isin, city goddess of Isin, south of Nippur. In Nippur she was called Ninnibru, Queen of Nippur. Bau seems originally to have been goddess of the dog; as Nininsina she was

heteropteran: Distinguishing taxonomic features: The gula of the Heteroptera is a hard bridge that separates the mouthparts from the prothorax. In the homopterans the gula is small and membranous or absent, allowing the base of the mouthparts to abut or fuse to the prothorax. The forewings of heteropterans are generally…

Dogra dynasty: Gulab Singh distinguished himself in the service of the Sikhs and was made raja of Jammu in 1820, which was the beginning of the Dogra dynasty. He expanded to the north, annexing the Ladakh and Baltistan areas.

Lajos Gulācsy was a Hungarian painter and a forerunner of Surrealism. Gulācsy attended the Mintarajziskola (School of Drawing) in Budapest before traveling to Rome and Florence in 1902 and then to Paris in 1906 to continue his studies. He was so traumatized by the outbreak of World War I that he

Lajos Gulācsy was a Hungarian painter and a forerunner of Surrealism. Gulācsy attended the Mintarajziskola (School of Drawing) in Budapest before traveling to Rome and Florence in 1902 and then to Paris in 1906 to continue his studies. He was so traumatized by the outbreak of World War I that he

Gulag, (Russian: “Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Camps”), system of Soviet labour camps and accompanying detention and transit camps and prisons that from the 1920s to the mid-1950s housed the political prisoners and criminals of the Soviet Union. At its height, the Gulag imprisoned

The Gulag Archipelago, history and memoir of life in the Soviet Union’s prison camp system by Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, first published in Paris as Arkhipelag GULag in three volumes (1973–75). The word Gulag is a Russian acronym for the Soviet government agency that supervised the

The Gulag Archipelago, history and memoir of life in the Soviet Union’s prison camp system by Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, first published in Paris as Arkhipelag GULag in three volumes (1973–75). The word Gulag is a Russian acronym for the Soviet government agency that supervised the

The Killers: …Lee Marvin) and Lee (Clu Gulager), later connect North to a robbery in which the proceeds were never recovered. Intent on finding the money, the men retrace North’s life and discover that he was double-crossed by a gangster (Ronald Reagan) and his mistress (Angie Dickinson).

gastronomy: The Pacific and Southeast Asia: Gulai is this area’s favourite version of liquid-type curry so common in India.

Scandinavian law: Historical development of Scandinavian law: …of this period are the Gulathing’s law (written in the 11th century, Norwegian); the law of Jutland (1241, Danish); and the laws of Uppland (1296) and Götaland (early 13th century), both Swedish. Other Scandinavian communities and states followed suit.

Gül Baba was a Turkish Bektashi dervish whose türbe (tomb) in Buda (part of present-day Budapest) became a Muslim place of pilgrimage. Gül Baba arrived in Hungary in 1541 in the company of Süleyman I. According to 17th-century Turkish traveler and writer Evliya Çelebi, Baba died in Buda during the

Kalaburagi, city, northeastern Karnataka state, south-central India. It lies in the valley of the Bhima River, which flows about 15 miles (24 km) south of the city. Kalaburagi was originally included in the territory of the Kakatiyas of Warangal. It was then annexed to the sultanate of Delhi in the

Lisbon: Cultural life: Another prominent cultural institution, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and Museum, presents music and ballet, exhibits other fine arts, and displays the broad-ranging personal collection of its eponymous benefactor, an Armenian oil-lease negotiator who lived in Lisbon from 1942 until his death in 1955. Culturgest, a multifunctional auditorium and exhibition centre,…

Gulbenkian Museum, museum in Lisbon, Portugal, featuring a renowned and eclectic collection of ancient and modern art. The Gulbenkian’s collection was amassed by Calouste Gulbenkian during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. An Armenian oil magnate, Gulbenkian ranks among the world’s greatest

Calouste Gulbenkian was a Turkish-born British financier, industrialist, and philanthropist. In 1911 he helped found the Turkish Petroleum Co. (later Iraq Petroleum Co.) and became the first to exploit Iraqi oil; his 5% share made him one of the world’s richest men. From 1948 he negotiated Saudi

Calouste Gulbenkian was a Turkish-born British financier, industrialist, and philanthropist. In 1911 he helped found the Turkish Petroleum Co. (later Iraq Petroleum Co.) and became the first to exploit Iraqi oil; his 5% share made him one of the world’s richest men. From 1948 he negotiated Saudi

Olaf Gulbransson was an illustrator identified with the German satirists of the early 20th century and noted for portrait caricature. He is also important as one of the first satirists of Adolf Hitler. Gulbransson studied at the Royal Norwegian Drawing School and worked for several Norwegian

Cato Maximilian Guldberg: …his formulation in 1890 of Guldberg’s law, which states that on the absolute scale the boiling point of a substance is two-thirds its critical temperature (the maximum at which a gas can be liquefied by pressure alone). In 1864 Guldberg and Waage announced their law of mass action, which drew…

Cato Maximilian Guldberg was a Norwegian chemist who, with Peter Waage, formulated the law of mass action, which details the effects of concentration, mass, and temperature on chemical reaction rates. Guldberg was educated at the University of Christiania and taught at the royal military schools

Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger: …famous poem “Guldhornene” (1802; “The Golden Horns”), about the loss of two golden horns symbolizing a union of past and present, after his meeting with the Norwegian scientist and philosopher Henrik Steffens, who was eager to spread the doctrine of German Romanticism in Denmark. The ideals of Steffens gave…

Pappus’s theorem: …Guldin’s theorems, after the Swiss Paul Guldin, one of many Renaissance mathematicians interested in centres of gravity. Guldin published his rediscovered version of Pappus’s results in 1641.

Nilo-Saharan languages: The diffusion of Nilo-Saharan languages: Gule (or Anej), a Komuz language of Sudan, is now extinct, and the people speak Arabic.

Zambia: Cultural institutions: In 2005 the Gule Wamkulu—a ritual dance performed at initiation ceremonies, funerals, and other important occasions—and the Vimbuza Healing Dance were both designated UNESCO Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Tarsus: …the southern end of the Cilician Gates (the only major pass in the Taurus Mountains), and the excellent harbour of Rhegma, which enabled Tarsus to establish strong connections with the Levant.

Fethullah Gülen is a Turkish Islamic scholar and spiritual leader of a movement for social and civic reform, known as the Hizmet (“service”) movement or the Gülen movement. Gülen is a staunch supporter of Islam’s presence in the public sphere and believes it is essential to the formation of an

Oceanic art and architecture: The Gulf of Papua: The succession of cultures situated along the vast Gulf of Papua and in the deltas of the rivers flowing into it produced one of the richest complexes of art styles in New Guinea. In general, the people believed that they owed much…

gulf, any large coastal indentation. More specifically, such a feature is the reentrant of an ocean, regardless of size, depth, configuration, and geologic structure. The nomenclature for gulfs is far from uniform; names that may refer to sizable gulfs in various places include bay, bight, firth,

Gulf + Western Inc., corporation that was founded in 1958 by Charles Bluhdorn and became one of the most highly diversified conglomerates in the United States. Gulf + Western took control of the Paramount Pictures Corporation (q.v.) in 1966. Gulf + Western changed its name to Paramount

Bahrain: Transportation and telecommunications: Manama is the headquarters of Gulf Air, originally a joint venture between Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates but now owned solely by the government of Bahrain. Steamers run scheduled service from Bahrain to other gulf ports and to Pakistan and India.

Gulf Coast, geographic area in the extreme southern United States along the northern portion of the Gulf of Mexico. Stretching in a large, flattened U shape for more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km), it extends about 100 miles (160 km) inland and runs north-northwest along western Florida; west along

Mexico: Physiographic regions: The Gulf Coastal Plain, which is much wider than its Pacific coast counterpart, extends some 900 miles (1,450 km) along the Gulf of Mexico from Tamaulipas state (on the Texas border) through Veracruz and Tabasco states to the Yucatán Peninsula; it includes the Tabasco Plain in…

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), political and economic alliance of six Middle Eastern countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. The GCC was established in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in May 1981. The purpose of the GCC is to achieve unity among its members based

cordgrass: Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) and gulf cordgrass (S. spartinae) are the most widely distributed North American species.

Gulf Country, lowland region of northwestern Queensland and northeastern Northern Territory, Australia, bordering the Gulf of Carpentaria. Crisscrossed by the distributaries of numerous rivers, the area supports the breeding and fattening of cattle. The stock is then collected at centres such as

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, an improved navigable waterway along the Gulf Coast of the United States, extending from Apalachee Bay, Florida, westward to the Mexican border at Brownsville, Texas, a distance of more than 1,100 miles (1,770 km). In part artificial, the waterway consists of a channel

Gulf Islands National Seashore, group of barrier islands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States, located near Gulfport and Biloxi, southern Mississippi, and near Pensacola, northwestern Florida. It also includes a mainland portion, and some four-fifths of the national

Robert Pinsky: …Poems (1996), Jersey Rain (2000), Gulf Music (2007), and At the Foundling Hospital (2016). Landor’s Poetry (1968), The Situation of Poetry: Contemporary Poetry and Its Tradition (1976), Poetry and the World (1988), The Sounds of Poetry: A Brief Guide (1998), and Democracy, Culture, and the Voice of Poetry (2002) are…

Gulf of Pagasaí, gulf of the Aegean Sea, nomós (department) of Magnisía, Thessaly (Modern Greek: Thessalía), Greece. The gulf is almost landlocked by a fishhook prong of the Magnesia peninsula, which forms the Tríkkeri Strait. At the head of the gulf is Vólos, the primary port of Thessaly. It lies

Gulf of Tonkin incident, complex naval event in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of Vietnam, that occurred from August 2 to August 4, 1964, during the Vietnam War. It was described to the U.S. Congress on August 5, 1964, as two unprovoked attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the U.S.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, resolution put before the U.S. Congress by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 5, 1964, during the Vietnam War. Johnson presented it as a response to two allegedly unprovoked attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the U.S. destroyers Maddox

Gulf Oil Corporation, former American petroleum company; it was acquired by Chevron Corporation in 1984. Although Gulf Oil was originally incorporated in 1907, its beginnings go back to the tapping in 1901 of an enormous oil gusher on Spindletop Hill, near Beaumont, Texas. The development of this

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), political and economic alliance of six Middle Eastern countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. The GCC was established in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in May 1981. The purpose of the GCC is to achieve unity among its members based

Gulf Stream, warm ocean current flowing in the North Atlantic northeastward off the North American coast between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, U.S., and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada. In popular conception the Gulf Stream also includes the Florida Current (between the Straits of Florida

Winslow Homer: Final years and legacy: The Gulf Stream (1899) stands at the apex of Homer’s career. A Black man lies inert on the deck of a small sailboat. A hurricane has shredded the sails, snapped off the mast, and snatched away the rudder. Unlike the boys in Breezing Up or…

Gulf Stream, warm ocean current flowing in the North Atlantic northeastward off the North American coast between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, U.S., and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada. In popular conception the Gulf Stream also includes the Florida Current (between the Straits of Florida

Persian Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed

Gulf War syndrome, cluster of illnesses in veterans of the Persian Gulf War (1990–91). Gulf War syndrome is characterized not by any definable medical condition or diagnostic test but by variable and nonspecific symptoms. While not fatal, it is associated with considerable distress and disability.

Derek Walcott: … (1964), The Castaway (1965), and The Gulf (1969) is similarly lush in style and incantatory in mood as Walcott expresses his feelings of personal isolation, caught between his European cultural orientation and the black folk cultures of his native Caribbean. Another Life (1973) is a book-length autobiographical poem. In Sea…

Gulfport, city, coseat (with nearby Biloxi) of Harrison county, southern Mississippi, U.S., about 55 miles (90 km) east of New Orleans, Louisiana. Gulfport is a port of entry on Mississippi Sound, an embayment of the Gulf of Mexico. It was founded in 1887 by Captain William H. Hardy as the site for

Hallandale Beach: Gulfstream Park (opened in 1939), with its garden of champions (displaying plaques honouring great Thoroughbred horses), is the home of the annual Florida Derby (March); the city also has a greyhound-racing track. Inc. town, 1927; city, 1947. Pop. (2000) 34,282; (2010) 37,113.

Sargassum, genus of about 150 species of brown algae (family Sargassaceae) generally attached to rocks along coasts in temperate regions or occurring as pelagic (free-floating) algae in the open sea. The Sargasso Sea in the western Atlantic Ocean, which is often characterized by floating masses of

Abdülmecid I: …Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane (Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber) in 1839 and the Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Edict) in 1856, heralding the new era of Tanzimat (“Reorganization”).

Dmitrii Gulia was an Abkhazian writer, educator, and cultural pioneer, commonly considered the founder of Abkhazian literature. From an early age, Gulia was active in promoting the Abkhaz language, and in 1892 he created a revised Abkhaz script and primer with K.D. Machavariani. Gulia was one of

Dmitrii Gulia was an Abkhazian writer, educator, and cultural pioneer, commonly considered the founder of Abkhazian literature. From an early age, Gulia was active in promoting the Abkhaz language, and in 1892 he created a revised Abkhaz script and primer with K.D. Machavariani. Gulia was one of

Dmitrii Gulia was an Abkhazian writer, educator, and cultural pioneer, commonly considered the founder of Abkhazian literature. From an early age, Gulia was active in promoting the Abkhaz language, and in 1892 he created a revised Abkhaz script and primer with K.D. Machavariani. Gulia was one of

physical culture: Athletic clubs and sports: Luther Gulick, a student of Sargent and a devotee of Muscular Christianity, infused a sport and fitness component into the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), founded in 1844. As director of the YMCA Training School (now Springfield College), Gulick ordered assistant James Naismith to develop…

Jiangxi: Settlement patterns: …is the beautiful resort of Guling, perched at about 3,500 feet (1,060 metres) in the Lu Mountains.

Guliston, city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies in the southeastern part of the Mirzachül (formerly Golodnaya) steppe, 75 miles (120 km) southwest of Tashkent. It became important after irrigation works enabled cotton to be grown in the area. It served as the administrative centre of Syrdarya oblast

Saʿdī: …Orchard) and the Gulistān (1258; The Rose Garden). The Būstān is entirely in verse (epic metre) and consists of stories aptly illustrating the standard virtues recommended to Muslims (justice, liberality, modesty, contentment) as well as of reflections on the behaviour of dervishes and their ecstatic practices. The Gulistān is mainly…

history of Transcaucasia: Russian penetration: By the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, Persia ceded to Russia a wide area of the khanates of the eastern Caucasus, from Länkäran northward to Derbent. Russia had little difficulty in acquiring by conquest from Persia in 1828 a stretch of the northern Armenian plateau, including the…

Guliston, city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies in the southeastern part of the Mirzachül (formerly Golodnaya) steppe, 75 miles (120 km) southwest of Tashkent. It became important after irrigation works enabled cotton to be grown in the area. It served as the administrative centre of Syrdarya oblast

gull, any of more than 40 species of heavily built web-footed seabirds of the gull and tern family Laridae (order Charadriiformes). Several genera are usually recognized for certain specialized gulls, but many authorities place these in the broad genus Larus. Conspicuous and gregarious, gulls are

Gull Falls, waterfall, southwestern Iceland, on the Hvítá river, a tributary of the Ölfusá. It is fed by the meltwaters of the Langjökull (Lang Glacier) on the central plateau, falling down 105 feet (32 metres) to the southern farming region. Gullfoss (“Golden Falls”) is one of Iceland’s most

Sir William Withey Gull, 1st Baronet was a leading English physician of his time, lecturer and physician at Guy’s Hospital, London, and an outstanding clinical teacher. Gull received his M.D. from the University of London in 1846 and became lecturer on physiology and anatomy and then physician, at

Gullah, Black American ethnic group that chiefly inhabits a region stretching along the southeastern coast of the United States, from Pender county in southern North Carolina to St. Johns county in northern Florida. This geographic area is sometimes referred to by its National Park Service