Apichatpong Weerasethakul: …was Dokfa nai meuman (2000; Mysterious Object at Noon). Its structure was based on Exquisite Corpse, a parlour game adapted by the Surrealists in the early 20th century in which each player contributed to the making of a sentence without knowing what preceding players had written. For Mysterious Object Weerasethakul…

archon: …to undergo an examination (dokimasia) by the Boule and the law courts of birth qualifications, physical fitness, treatment of parents, and military activity; at the end of their term, they underwent an examination (euthyna) of their conduct, especially financial, while in office. Membership was originally open only to nobles…

Hayashi Razan: …as chief official scholar; and Dokkōsai, Hayashi’s fourth son (also called Morikatsu), was also employed by the shogunate. During their father’s lifetime they collaborated with him in compiling histories; and after his death they assembled the Hayashi Razan bunshū (“Collected Works of Hayashi Razan”) and the Razan Sensei shishū (“Master…

Dokō Toshio was a Japanese businessman who was instrumental in revitalizing Japanese manufacturing after World War II, notably with the Toshiba Corporation and as chairman of Keidanren (1974–80), one of Japan’s main business organizations. After graduating from Tokyo Technical Higher School (1920;

Hans Carossa: His first novel, Doktor Bürgers Ende (1913; “The End of Doctor Bürger”; revised and republished in 1930 as Die Schicksale Doktor Bürgers, “The Fortunes of Doctor Bürger”), in which a young doctor, driven to despair by the suffering around him, commits suicide when he fails to save the…

Ferruccio Busoni: …work was the unfinished opera Doktor Faust, based not on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s work but on earlier versions of the Faust legend. It was completed by his pupil Philipp Jarnach and performed in Dresden in 1925. Two other short operas, Arlecchino and Turandot, composed at Zürich, attempted to revive…

Doctor Faustus, novel by German writer Thomas Mann, published in 1947. It is a reworking of the Faust legend in the form of a biography of a fictional 20th-century composer. Doctor Faustus is the story of the rise and fall of Adrian Leverkühn, and it is told through the eyes of his friend, Serenus

Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf: …several operas, three of which, Doktor und Apotheker (1786; “Doctor and Apothecary”), Hieronymus Knicker (1789), and Das rote Käppchen (1790; “The Little Red Hood”), had great success. Doktor und Apotheker, in particular, became one of the classic examples of the German singspiel. He also wrote a large quantity of instrumental…

children’s literature: National and modern literature: , Doctor’s Boy, 1965) is a quietly moving tale of small-town life in the horse-and-buggy days. The Sandbergs, Inger and Lasse, have advanced the Beskow tradition in a series of lovely picture books. Fantasy has been well served by Lindgren, Edith Unnerstad, Holmberg, Hellsing, and others.…

Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchayev was a Russian geomorphologist and early soil scientist. In 1872 Dokuchayev became curator of geology at the University of St. Petersburg; in 1879 he joined the geology faculty and instituted the first course in Quaternary geology taught at a university. From 1892 to

Dōkyō was a Japanese Buddhist priest who attempted to usurp the Japanese imperial throne. In 761 Dōkyō won the confidence of the former empress Kōken (who had occupied the throne from 749 to 758) and, according to some accounts, became her lover. With the empress’s aid he began to exercise a

Dōkyō, (from Chinese Tao-chiao, “Teaching of the Way”), popular or religious Taoism, as distinguished from philosophical Taoism, as introduced into Japan from China. It was the source of many widespread Japanese folk beliefs and practices of divination and magic, some of which persist into modern

Sobaek Mountains: …Songni (3,468 feet [1,057 meters]), Deokyu (5,276 feet [1,608 meters]), and Baegun (4,190 feet [1,277 meters]), are watersheds for southern South Korea. Jirisan (6,283 feet [1,915 meters]), on its southwestern branch, is a national park.

U.S. Department of Labor, executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for enforcing labour statutes and promoting the general welfare of U.S. wage earners. Established in 1913, it controls the Employment Standards Administration, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration,

Gaius Cassius Longinus: …a large army and defeated Publius Cornelius Dolabella, to whom the province had been assigned by the Senate. When in 43 the Caesarian leaders Mark Antony, Octavian (later the emperor Augustus), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate, Cassius and his fellow conspirator, Brutus, combined their armies, crossed the…

history of film: Australia, New Zealand, and Canada: Xavier Dolan arrived on the scene with J’Ai tué ma mère (2009; I Killed My Mother) and Les Amours imagininaires (2010; Heartbeats) and continued with, among others, Laurence Anyways (2012), Mommy (2014), the English-language The Death & Life of John F. Donovan (2019), and Matthias…

Holi: Regional variations: …Holi finds the form of Dolayatra (“Swing Festival,” also known as Dol Jatra or Dol Purnima). Images of Radha and Krishna are placed on decorated platforms and are swung to the accompaniment of cycles of songs sung only in the spring season. In some places, the images are carried on…

sound recording: The audiotape: …most prevalent of which is Dolby noise reduction. In the Dolby system the higher-frequency components of a sound wave are amplified before the signal is impressed on the tape so that their amplitudes are well above the amplitude of the tape hiss. On playback, the high frequencies are attenuated after…

Nancy Huston: Dolce Agonia), and Danse noire (2013; Black Dance). She won the Prix Femina for Lignes de faille (2006), a translation into French of her novel Fault Lines, originally written in English but not published in that language until 2007.

dolce stil nuovo, the style of a group of 13th–14th-century Italian poets, mostly Florentines, whose vernacular sonnets, canzones, and ballate celebrate a spiritual and idealized view of love and womanhood in a way that is sincere, delicate, and musical. The Bolognese poet Guido Guinizelli is

dolce stil nuovo, the style of a group of 13th–14th-century Italian poets, mostly Florentines, whose vernacular sonnets, canzones, and ballate celebrate a spiritual and idealized view of love and womanhood in a way that is sincere, delicate, and musical. The Bolognese poet Guido Guinizelli is

La Dolce Vita, Italian film, released in 1960, that was widely hailed as one of the most important ever made and the first of several acclaimed collaborations between director Federico Fellini and actor Marcello Mastroianni, who came to represent the director’s alter ego. (Read Martin Scorsese’s

World War I: The Armistice: …“stab in the back” (Dolchstoss im Rücken). This legend’s theme was that the German Army was “undefeated in the field” (unbesiegt im Felde) and had been “stabbed in the back”—i.e., had been denied support at the crucial moment by a weary and defeatist civilian population and their leaders. This…

Carlo Dolci was an Italian painter, one of the last representatives of the Florentine school of Baroque painting, whose mainly devotional works are characterized by their oversweet and languid piety. Dolci studied with a minor local painter and at an extremely early age showed a talent for portrait

Vatican Palace: …commission from Pope Sixtus IV, Giovanni dei Dolci built the Sistine Chapel, the papal chapel within the Vatican Palace. He also remodeled and decorated the Vatican Apostolic Library. Pope Alexander VI remodeled the Borgia Apartment and commissioned Bernardino di Betto (Pinturicchio) to decorate the massive rooms with frescoes. Under Pope…

Apostolic: Thereafter, under the leadership of Fra Dolcino, the sect became openly heterodox and anticlerical. Its power was finally broken when Dolcino was burned as a heretic in 1307.

doldrums, equatorial regions of light ocean currents and winds within the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), a belt of converging winds and rising air encircling Earth near the Equator. The northeast and southeast trade winds meet there; this meeting causes air uplift and often produces

Dole, town, Jura département, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, eastern France. The town lies along the Doubs River and the Rhine-Rhône Canal, southeast of Dijon. It was called Dolla under the Romans. It was the seat of the dukes of Burgundy in medieval times and was the capital (1332–1674) of

Honduras: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing: …Company and United Brands) and Dole (formerly Standard Fruit and Steamship Company and Castle & Cooke)—hold a disproportionate amount of the country’s agricultural land and produce a substantial part of the national income by growing the majority of the country’s banana crop. Important export crops other than bananas include coffee…

Dole, town, Jura département, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, eastern France. The town lies along the Doubs River and the Rhine-Rhône Canal, southeast of Dijon. It was called Dolla under the Romans. It was the seat of the dukes of Burgundy in medieval times and was the capital (1332–1674) of

food preservation: Aseptic processing: …later became known as the Dole Aseptic Canning System. This system involved the sterilization of liquid foods by rapidly heating them in tubular heat exchangers, followed by holding and cooling steps. The cans and lids were sterilized with superheated steam, and the sterilized containers were filled with the sterile liquid…

Georgia O’Keeffe: New Mexico: …at the invitation of the Dole Hawaiian Pineapple Company she traveled to Hawaii to paint. In 1940 she purchased the house that she had occupied at Ghost Ranch since 1936, and in 1945 she purchased a second property—a badly deteriorated hacienda in Abiquiu with a large garden. From 1945 to…

Georgia O’Keeffe: New Mexico: …at the invitation of the Dole Hawaiian Pineapple Company she traveled to Hawaii to paint. In 1940 she purchased the house that she had occupied at Ghost Ranch since 1936, and in 1945 she purchased a second property—a badly deteriorated hacienda in Abiquiu with a large garden. From 1945 to…

Bob Dole was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate (1969–96) and who was the Republican Party’s nominee for president in 1996 but lost to Bill Clinton. Dole was born into a working-class family and left the University of Kansas to serve in the army during World War II. He became a

Elizabeth Dole is a trailblazing American politician whose career included many “firsts” for women. She was the first female secretary of transportation (1983–87); the first female executive of the American Red Cross (1991–99) since its founder, Clara Barton; and the first serious female contender

Jura Mountains: …France, and Mount Tendre and La Dôle, both more than 5,500 feet (1,680 metres), in Switzerland. Toward the northeast and along the outer ridges of the arc, the elevations of the crests are lower.

Elizabeth Dole is a trailblazing American politician whose career included many “firsts” for women. She was the first female secretary of transportation (1983–87); the first female executive of the American Red Cross (1991–99) since its founder, Clara Barton; and the first serious female contender

Elizabeth Dole is a trailblazing American politician whose career included many “firsts” for women. She was the first female secretary of transportation (1983–87); the first female executive of the American Red Cross (1991–99) since its founder, Clara Barton; and the first serious female contender

Bob Dole was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate (1969–96) and who was the Republican Party’s nominee for president in 1996 but lost to Bill Clinton. Dole was born into a working-class family and left the University of Kansas to serve in the army during World War II. He became a

Sanford Ballard Dole was the first president of the Republic of Hawaii (1894–1900), and first governor of the Territory of Hawaii (1900–03) after it was annexed by the United States. The son of American Protestant missionaries, Dole spent two years in the United States (1866–68) studying at

Eddie Murphy: In the biopic Dolemite Is My Name (2019), he played comedian and actor Rudy Ray Moore, who was a blaxploitation star in the 1970s. After an absence of 35 years, Murphy returned to Saturday Night Live in 2019, and, for his performance as the host, he earned an…

Aasmund Olafson Vinje: …a newspaper of his own, Dølen (“The Dalesman”), in which he helped establish the new rural variant of the Norwegian language known as New Norwegian, or Nynorsk. In his newspaper Vinje wrote about everything from philosophy and literature to politics. It was not until he was 40 that Vinje started…

the Monkees: The members were Micky Dolenz (byname of George Michael Dolenz; b. March 8, 1945, Los Angeles, California, U.S.), Davy Jones (byname of David Jones; b. December 30, 1945, Manchester, England—February 29, 2012, Stuart, Florida, U.S.), Mike Nesmith (byname of Robert Michael Nesmith; b. December 30, 1942, Houston, Texas,…

the Monkees: The members were Micky Dolenz (byname of George Michael Dolenz; b. March 8, 1945, Los Angeles, California, U.S.), Davy Jones (byname of David Jones; b. December 30, 1945, Manchester, England—February 29, 2012, Stuart, Florida, U.S.), Mike Nesmith (byname of Robert Michael Nesmith; b. December 30, 1942, Houston, Texas,…

diabase, fine- to medium-grained, dark gray to black intrusive igneous rock. It is extremely hard and tough and is commonly quarried for crushed stone, under the name of trap. Although not popular, it makes an excellent monumental stone and is one of the dark-coloured rocks commercially known as

Étienne Dolet was a French humanist, scholar, and printer whose Commentarii linguae Latinae contributed notably to Latin scholarship. He is often described as “the first martyr of the Renaissance.” After studying at Paris and the universities of Padua and Venice, Dolet settled in Toulouse, France.

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: Early life: The decoration was commissioned by Dionisio Dolfin, the patriarch of the town of Aquileia, and Tiepolo probably began work with the ceiling above the main staircase, depicting the Fall of the Rebelling Angels in vigorous, dramatic forms; in the gallery, within the Baroque perspective framings of Mengozzi Colonna, his faithful…

Dolgan, Turkic-speaking people constituting the basic population of the Taymyr autonomous okrug, which is far above the Arctic Circle in north-central Russia. They numbered about 6,000 in the late 20th century. The Dolgan migrated to the area from the southwest, presumably in the 18th century. The

Taymyr, former autonomous okrug (district), north-central Siberian Russia. In 2007 Taymyr was subsumed under Krasnoyarsk kray (territory). It lies on the hilly Taymyr Peninsula, the most northerly part of the Eurasian continent, and extends south to the northern edge of the Central Siberian

autoharp: …patent was later acquired by Alfred Dolge (1848–1922), a New York City piano-equipment manufacturer. Dolge distributed the instrument throughout the United States through door-to-door and mail-order sales. However, the instrument known by musicians as the autoharp (and distributed by Dolge) is identical to Gütter’s original Akkordzither; Zimmerman’s patented autoharp was…

Merioneth: …that Glendower’s parliaments sat at Dolgellau.

Nostratic hypothesis: …by the Russian-born Israeli linguist Aron Dolgopolsky. A quite different reconstruction of many of the same languages was proposed by the American Allan Bomhard.

Dolgoprudny, city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. It is situated north of Moscow, where the Savyolovo railway crosses the Moscow Canal, linking the capital with the Volga River. Dolgoprudny appeared in the first Soviet five-year plans as a centre for airship construction. It now has

Dolgoprudny, city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. It is situated north of Moscow, where the Savyolovo railway crosses the Moscow Canal, linking the capital with the Volga River. Dolgoprudny appeared in the first Soviet five-year plans as a centre for airship construction. It now has

Dolgoruky family, Russian princely family who claimed descent from Rurik, the semilegendary founder of the first Russian state. The Dolgorukys produced well-known statesmen, military leaders, and men of letters. Yury Alekseyevich Dolgoruky (d. 1682) was a high-ranking nobleman and military

Dolgoruky family, Russian princely family who claimed descent from Rurik, the semilegendary founder of the first Russian state. The Dolgorukys produced well-known statesmen, military leaders, and men of letters. Yury Alekseyevich Dolgoruky (d. 1682) was a high-ranking nobleman and military

Dolgoruky family: Grigory Fyodorovich Dolgoruky (1656–1723) was ambassador to Poland (1701–21) and helped conclude a treaty of alliance with Poland (1701) and the Narva Alliance (1704).

Russia: Peter I’s successors (1725–62): …influence of his chamberlain, Prince Ivan Alekseyevich Dolgoruky, whose family obtained a dominant position in the Supreme Privy Council and brought about the disgrace and exile of Menshikov. It looked as if the Dolgorukys would rule in fact because Peter II was to wed the chamberlain’s sister, but Peter’s sudden…

Dolgoruky family: Ivan Mikhaylovich Dolgoruky (1764–1823), vice-governor of Penza (1791–97) and governor of Vladimir (1802–12), wrote lyric poetry, comedies, and reminiscences that characterized the culture, the upbringing, and the education of children of the nobility.

Vasily Lukich, Prince Dolgoruky was a Russian diplomat and statesman who acquired political power for himself and his family during the reign of Tsar Peter II (reigned 1727–30). Dolgoruky began his diplomatic career as an aide to his uncle Yakov Fyodorovich in Paris (1687). In 1700 he accompanied

Vasily Vladimirovich, Prince Dolgoruky was a military officer who played a prominent role in political intrigues against Peter I the Great (ruled 1682–1725) and Empress Anna (ruled 1730–40) of Russia. A member of the influential Dolgoruky family, Vasily Vladimirovich participated in the Great

Dolgoruky family: Yakov Fyodorovich Dolgoruky (1639–1720), a close associate of Peter I the Great, served in the military and was held prisoner in Sweden for 10 years. After returning to Russia (1711), he became a senator and was appointed president of the Auditing Collegium. Grigory Fyodorovich Dolgoruky…

Vasily Lukich, Prince Dolgoruky: …young tsar to his niece, Yekaterina Alekseyevna. Peter II died suddenly (1730) before the marriage could take place, and Dolgoruky’s involvement in intrigues concerning the succession—including the manufacture of a letter purporting to be the tsar’s last will in which he appointed Yekaterina his successor—resulted in his banishment (1730), first…

Andrew I: Having accompanied his father, Yury Dolgoruky, on his conquest of Kiev, Andrew refused to remain in the ancient capital of Rus and returned to Vladimir, a town in his father’s principality of Rostov-Suzdal in northeastern Russia. When his father died (1157), the cities of Rostov and Suzdal elected Andrew…

Dolgoruky family: Yury Alekseyevich Dolgoruky (d. 1682) was a high-ranking nobleman and military commander who achieved a number of victories in the Russo-Polish War of 1654–57. In 1676 he was appointed guardian of the child tsar Fyodor Alekseyevich; he was killed during the Moscow Uprising of 1682.…

Moscow: Foundation and medieval growth: …1147, when on April 4 Yury Vladimirovich Dolgoruky (see Dolgoruky family), prince of Suzdal, was host at a “great banquet” for his ally the prince of Novgorod-Seversky “in Moscow.” This is the traditional date of Moscow’s founding, although archaeological evidence shows that a settlement had existed on the site since…

gastropod: Classification: Superfamily Doliacea (Tonnacea) Generally tropical predators on echinoderms; often burrow in sand; includes helmet shells (Cassidae), tun shells (Doliidae), frog shells (Bursidae), triton shells (Cymatiidae), and fig shells (Ficidae); frog and triton shells often live in rocky areas; most species large in

cephalic index: …top; such skulls are called dolichocephalic and are typical of Australian aborigines and native southern Africans. An index of 75 to 80 means that the skull is nearly oval; such skulls are called mesaticephalic and are typical of Europeans and the Chinese. A skull having an index of over 80…

bobolink, (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), American bird of the family Icteridae (order Passeriformes) that breeds in northern North America and winters chiefly in central South America. Migrating flocks may raid rice fields, and at one time the fat “ricebirds” were shot as a table delicacy. In the

primate: Pliocene: Libypithecus and Dolichopithecus, both monkeys, were probably ancestral colobines, but neither genus can be placed in a precise ancestral relationship with modern members of this subfamily. What did characterize the Pliocene was the rise in Africa of the human line, with Ardipithecus ramidus at 4.4 million years…

long-legged fly, (family Dolichopodidae), any member of a family of insects in the fly order, Diptera, that are tiny and metallic blue, green, or copper in colour. These flies prey on smaller insects and are found around damp, marshy places. The male has conspicuous genitalia at the end of the

Olympic Games: Competition and status: …and four years later the dolichos, a long-distance race possibly comparable to the modern 1,500- or 5,000-meter events, was added. Wrestling and the pentathlon were introduced in 708 bce. The latter was an all-around competition consisting of five events—the long jump, the javelin throw, the discus throw, a footrace, and…

bean: Other beans: The bonavist bean, or hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus), is a common garden ornamental. It is a large tropical climbing plant. The bonavist bean is native to India, where the immature seeds are used for food. The dry mature seeds are large, dark to black, nearly round…

mara, either of two South American rodents in the genus Dolichotis of the cavy family, the Patagonian mara (D. patagonum) or the Chacoan mara (D.

mara: … of the cavy family, the Patagonian mara (D. patagonum) or the Chacoan mara (D. salinicola).

mara: patagonum) or the Chacoan mara (D. salinicola).

yellow jacket: …any of 35–40 species (genus Dolichovespula or Vespula) of social wasps, principally of the Northern Hemisphere. Despite the common name yellow jacket—which is used in reference to the typical coloration of the abdomen, with yellow and black markings—some species are white and black, and others are marked with red. Yellow…

Schmidt sting pain index: 0 Bald-faced hornet: Rich, hearty, slightly crunchy. Similar to getting your hand mashed in a revolving door. 2.0 Yellow jacket: Hot and smoky, almost irreverent. Imagine W.C. Fields extinguishing a cigar on your tongue. 3.0 Red harvester ant: Bold and unrelenting.

gastropod: Classification: …sand; includes helmet shells (Cassidae), tun shells (Doliidae), frog shells (Bursidae), triton shells (Cymatiidae), and fig shells (Ficidae); frog and triton shells often live in rocky areas; most species large in size. Suborder Neogastropoda (Stenoglossa) Carnivorous or scavengers with rachiglossate (with 3 denticles)

Sir Anton Dolin was a British ballet dancer, choreographer, and director who, with his frequent partner Alicia Markova, founded the Markova-Dolin companies and London’s Festival Ballet. Trained by the notable Russian teachers Serafima Astafieva and Bronislava Nijinska, Dolin began his ballet career

sinkhole, topographic depression formed when underlying limestone bedrock is dissolved by groundwater. It is considered the most-fundamental structure of karst topography. Sinkholes vary greatly in area and depth and may be very large. There are two main varieties, one caused by the collapse of the

Czesław Miłosz: …the novel Dolina Issy (1955; The Issa Valley), and The History of Polish Literature (1969).

sinkhole, topographic depression formed when underlying limestone bedrock is dissolved by groundwater. It is considered the most-fundamental structure of karst topography. Sinkholes vary greatly in area and depth and may be very large. There are two main varieties, one caused by the collapse of the

cave: Doline karst: Such karsts are usually rolling plains that have few surface streams and often no surface valleys. Instead, the landscape is pocked with sinkholes, often tens or hundreds of sinkholes per square kilometre. These sinkholes range from barely discernible shallow swales one to two…

Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert: His translation of the Odyssey—De dolinghe van Ulyss (1561)—was the first great work of the Dutch early Renaissance. Here Coornhert’s powers of imagery and sensuous description are fully evident, while in his original poetry the religious–humanistic intent precludes any stress on figurative language.

echinoderm: Development: …a barrel-shaped larva called a doliolaria larva. The doliolaria larva also occurs in other groups; in holothurians, for example, it is the developmental stage after the auricularia larva, which may not occur in some species. A doliolaria larva usually contains large quantities of yolk material and moves with the aid…

tunicate: Annotated classification: Order Doliolida Complex alternation of generations between a solitary, asexually and sexually reproducing gonozooid and colonial, asexually reproducing oozooids; gill with several to many stigmata. Order Salpida Complex alternation of generations between solitary, asexually reproducing oozooids and aggregated, sexually reproducing gonozooids. Pharynx leads

tunicate: Annotated classification: Order Doliolida Complex alternation of generations between a solitary, asexually and sexually reproducing gonozooid and colonial, asexually reproducing oozooids; gill with several to many stigmata. Order Salpida Complex alternation of generations between solitary, asexually reproducing oozooids and aggregated, sexually reproducing gonozooids. Pharynx leads

fungus: Structure of the thallus: …a septal structure called a dolipore septum that is composed of a pore cap surrounding a septal swelling and septal pore. This organization permits cytoplasm and small organelles to pass through but restricts the movement of nuclei to varying degrees.

Loubomo, commune (town), southern Congo (Brazzaville), and an important transport centre for western Congo (Kinshasa) and southern Gabon. It lies 70 miles (110 km) northeast of Pointe-Noire (the Atlantic coastal terminus of the railway and highway network of Congo [Brazzaville]), near the junction

Antonio Banderas: …films included the family comedy Dolittle (2020) and The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard (2021), in which he was cast as a shipping tycoon. In addition, he starred with Penélope Cruz in Competencia oficial (2021; Official Competition), a satire about the making of a movie.

Doctor Dolittle, hero of 10 children’s books by the British-American author Hugh Lofting

Dolj, județ (county), southwestern Romania, bounded on the south by Bulgaria. The Jiu and Teslui rivers drain the county southward through lowlands and rolling hills to the Danube River, which marks the southern boundary. Craiova, the county capital, has machinery, metallurgical, and chemical

doll, child’s toy modeled in human or animal form. It is perhaps the oldest plaything. No dolls have been found in prehistoric graves, probably because they were made of such perishable materials as wood and fur or cloth, but a fragment of a Babylonian alabaster doll with movable arms has been

Kamala Das: …and the short stories “A Doll for the Child Prostitute” (1977) and “Padmavati the Harlot” (1992). Notable among her many Malayalam works were the short-story collection Thanuppu (1967; “Cold”) and the memoir Balyakalasmaranakal (1987; “Memories of Childhood”). Perhaps her best-known work was an autobiography, which first appeared as a…

A Doll’s House, play in three acts by Henrik Ibsen, published in Norwegian as Et dukkehjem in 1879 and performed the same year. The play centres on an ordinary family—Torvald Helmer, a bank lawyer, and his wife, Nora, and their three little children. Torvald supposes himself the ethical member of

Laurie Metcalf: …her portrayal of Nora in A Doll’s House, Part 2 (2017) and for her performance as B in Edward Albee’s Three Tall Women (2018). She was nominated again in 2019, this time for playing the title presidential candidate in Hillary and Clinton.

Ismail Kadare: The autobiographical Kukulla (2015; The Doll) was based on Kadare’s relationship with his mother.

Dole, town, Jura département, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, eastern France. The town lies along the Doubs River and the Rhine-Rhône Canal, southeast of Dijon. It was called Dolla under the Romans. It was the seat of the dukes of Burgundy in medieval times and was the capital (1332–1674) of

dollar, originally, a silver coin that circulated in many European countries; in modern times, the name of the standard monetary unit in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries. The Spanish peso, or piece of eight, which circulated in the Spanish and English colonies