craniosynostosis: Crouzon syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by the fusing of the coronal, sagittal, and sometimes lamboid (side to side posteriorly) sutures, undergrowth of the upper jaw, and other deformities. Premature closure of the metopic suture (which separates the frontal bone into halves for…

English literature: Poetry: In works such as Crow (1970), he added a mythic dimension to his fascination with savagery (a fascination also apparent in the poetry Thom Gunn produced through the late 1950s and ’60s). Much of Hughes’s poetry is rooted in his experiences as a farmer in Yorkshire and Devon (as…

crow, (genus Corvus), any of various glossy black birds found in most parts of the world, with the exception of southern South America. Crows are generally smaller and not as thick-billed as ravens, which belong to the same genus. A large majority of the 40 or so Corvus species are known as crows,

Crow, North American Indians of Siouan linguistic stock, historically affiliated with the village-dwelling Hidatsa of the upper Missouri River. They occupied the area around the Yellowstone River and its tributaries, particularly the valleys of the Powder, Wind, and Bighorn rivers in what is now

scalping: …scalping), was found near present-day Crow Creek, South Dakota (U.S.). The conflict that killed these individuals is thought to have been precipitated by a prolonged drought, which might have been part of the same climatic cycle that caused the Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) to abandon their homes in the Southwest.

Mary Crow Dog was a Sicangu Lakota activist and author who was best known for her book Lakota Woman (1990), which earned an American Book Award in 1991 and was adapted for film as Lakota Woman: Siege at Wounded Knee in 1994. Crow Dog was part Irish on her father’s side and described herself as a

Thomas McGuane: …Cat (1986), Gallatin Canyon (2006), Crow Fair (2015), and Cloudbursts (2018). In addition, he penned screenplays, several of which were adaptations of his novels. His essay collections—An Outside Chance (1980; rev. ed., 1990), Some Horses (1999), and The Longest Silence: A Life in Fishing (1999)—reflect mostly on leisure and the…

Eero Saarinen: Life: …Eero and his father designed Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois, which influenced postwar school design, being a one-story structure generously extended in plan and suitably scaled for primary-grade children. Also in 1940 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1945 Eero joined a partnership with Eliel…

coucal: sinensis), called crow pheasant in India, is 48 to 56 cm (19 to 22 inches) long. It is black with brown mantle and wings. Its range is from India to southern China and Malaysia.

corbie step, stone used for covering any of the steps or indentations in the coping (uppermost, covering course) of a gable; the term is also applied to the step itself. Corbie steps were common in late medieval buildings of the Netherlands and Belgium and occurred frequently in 15th-century

human eye: The muscles of the lids: …eventually lead to the so-called crow’s feet of elderly persons. It must be appreciated that the two portions can be activated independently; thus, the orbital portion may contract, causing a furrowing of the brows that reduces the amount of light entering from above, while the palpebral portion remains relaxed and…

Crowsnest Pass: …Canadian Pacific Railway signed the Crow’s Nest Pass Agreement (1897). This route reduced freight rates on grain shipped east to the lake ports and on certain goods shipped west. The agreement, modified in 1925 to reduce rates on grain shipped in both directions, boosted Vancouver as a grain-shipping port.

Sheryl Crow is an American singer known for her raspy voice, rock-and-roll rhythm, and country-styled guitar playing. Crow was born in a small farming town across the Mississippi River from Memphis, Tennessee. She grew up in a home surrounded by music. On weekends her mother and father played piano

Sheryl Crow is an American singer known for her raspy voice, rock-and-roll rhythm, and country-styled guitar playing. Crow was born in a small farming town across the Mississippi River from Memphis, Tennessee. She grew up in a home surrounded by music. On weekends her mother and father played piano

Steve Martin: In 2009 Martin released The Crow, a collection of original banjo compositions that featured guest performances by banjo virtuoso Béla Fleck and country legends Earl Scruggs and Dolly Parton. A radical departure from the novelty and kitsch of “King Tut,” The Crow was critically lauded and ultimately won the…

Bruce Lee: …misloaded prop gun while filming The Crow (1994).

grackle, any of several species of birds belonging to the family Icteridae (order Passeriformes) that have iridescent black plumage and long tails. Grackles use their stout, pointed bills to snap up insects, dig grubs from the soil, and kill small vertebrates, including fishes and baby birds; they

currawong, any of several songbirds of the Australian family Cracticidae (order Passeriformes). They are large, up to 50 centimetres (20 inches) long, with black, gray, or black-and-white plumage and yellow eyes. All have resounding, metallic voices. Found in woodlands and occasionally flocking

parrotbill, (family Paradoxornithidae), any of several species of small to medium titmouselike birds, mostly brown and gray with soft, loose plumage and distinctive strongly arched, parrotlike bills. They live in brushy grasslands of Central and Eastern Asia. A well-known garden bird in Chinese

crowberry: Species: Crowberry, or black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), is native to cool regions of North America, Asia, and Europe and is the most common species of the genus. Purple crowberry, or rockberry (E. eamesii), is found in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada, and red crowberry (E. rubrum)…

crowberry, (genus Empetrum), genus of three species of low evergreen shrubs of the heath family (Ericaceae). The plants thrive in subarctic, alpine, and boreal regions and produce juicy edible fruits that are somewhat acidic in taste. The fruits are an important food source for numerous species of

Crowborough, town (parish), Wealden district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. It lies 40 miles (64 km) southeast of central London and serves as the district’s administrative centre. A hilltop town, it is situated on the highest of the wooded ridges that

collective behaviour: Crowds: A thin line separates crowd activities from collective obsessions. The crowd is, first, more concentrated in time and space. Thus a race riot, a lynching, or an orgy is limited to a few days or hours and occurs chiefly within an area ranging from…

crwth, bowed Welsh lyre played from the European Middle Ages to about 1800. It was about the size of a violin. Though originally plucked, it was played with a bow from the 11th century, and a fingerboard was added behind the strings in the last part of the 13th century. Its original four strings

collective behaviour: Crowds: A thin line separates crowd activities from collective obsessions. The crowd is, first, more concentrated in time and space. Thus a race riot, a lynching, or an orgy is limited to a few days or hours and occurs chiefly within an area ranging from…

collective behaviour: Crowds: A thin line separates crowd activities from collective obsessions. The crowd is, first, more concentrated in time and space. Thus a race riot, a lynching, or an orgy is limited to a few days or hours and occurs chiefly within an area ranging from…

Howard Hawks: Early life and work: With The Crowd Roars (1932) Hawks melded two of his obsessions, filmmaking and auto racing. James Cagney played a driver who tries to keep his younger brother away from the sport, with tragic results. Tiger Shark (1932) starred Edward G. Robinson as a good-hearted Portuguese fisherman…

crowdsourcing, a framework that brings together a large and decentralized group of people for gathering data, solving a problem, or addressing a challenge. It typically occurs via digital platforms—including smartphone apps, social media, commercial software, and connected devices that are part of

Gustave Le Bon: …La psychologie des foules (1895; The Crowd), his most popular work, he argued that the conscious personality of the individual in a crowd is submerged and that the collective crowd mind dominates; crowd behaviour is unanimous, emotional, and intellectually weak.

The Crowd, American silent film classic, released in 1928, featuring the struggles of a young couple amid the callousness of modern big-city life. (Read Lillian Gish’s 1929 Britannica essay on silent film.) The story centres on Johnny Sims (played by James Murray), an idealistic young man who moves

Enoch Herbert Crowder was a U.S. Army officer and administrator of the Selective Service Act in World War I. Graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. (1881), Crowder fought with the cavalry against Indians in the West (1881–85). After serving as judge advocate to U.S. troops in

crowdfunding, a kind of crowdsourcing and alternative financing by which people, via the Internet, can contribute money to a person, cause, event, or business venture. This method has been used to fund startup businesses, help communities suffering from a natural disaster, and aid families and

disease: Epidemiology: Crowding, for example, facilitates the spread of infection. Bovine tuberculosis is largely a disease of domesticated cattle in barns, and the age incidence of the human diseases of childhood is lower in urban than in rural populations, suggesting that in the more crowded urban environment…

Elias Canetti: …work, Masse und Macht (1960; Crowds and Power), is an outgrowth of that interest, which is also evident in Canetti’s three plays: Hochzeit (1932; The Wedding), Komödie der Eitelkeit (1950; Comedy of Vanity), and Die Befristeten (1964; The Numbered). The first two were first performed in Braunschweig, W.Ger., in 1965…

crowdsourcing, a framework that brings together a large and decentralized group of people for gathering data, solving a problem, or addressing a challenge. It typically occurs via digital platforms—including smartphone apps, social media, commercial software, and connected devices that are part of

Donald Trump: Ukraine scandal: …after the Internet security firm CrowdStrike determined in 2016 that it had been broken into by hackers based in Russia. According to the CrowdStrike conspiracy theory, which originated as a disinformation campaign by Russia, the missing server contained evidence that the hackers were in fact Ukrainian and that Democrats and…

Church of God and Saints of Christ: …founded in 1896 by Prophet William S. Crowdy. He passed his mantle of leadership to Bishop William Plummer, who announced himself as “Grand Father Abraham.” This group believes that all Jews were originally black and that modern-day blacks are descendants of the “lost tribes of Israel.” Their beliefs centre on…

Heart: Career: …1986 Nancy Wilson married filmmaker Cameron Crowe, and she went on to compose music for Crowe’s films Jerry Maguire (1996), Almost Famous (2000), Vanilla Sky (2001), and Elizabethtown (2005). The couple divorced in 2010.

Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle: …another art enthusiast, the Englishman J.A. Crowe, and they studied together in Berlin. On his return to Venice, Cavalcaselle took an active part in the Revolution of 1848 against Austrian rule. He was arrested by Austrian gendarmes and narrowly escaped being shot. He then joined the forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi…

Russell Crowe is a New Zealand-born Australian actor known for his commitment, intensity, and ruggedly handsome good looks. He won an Academy Award for Gladiator (2000). At age four Crowe moved with his family to Australia. He was the son of film and television set caterers, and he made his acting

Russell Crowe is a New Zealand-born Australian actor known for his commitment, intensity, and ruggedly handsome good looks. He won an Academy Award for Gladiator (2000). At age four Crowe moved with his family to Australia. He was the son of film and television set caterers, and he made his acting

Sir Eyre Crowe was a British diplomat who strongly urged an anti-German policy in the years before World War I. Crowe was the third son of Sir Joseph Crowe, an art historian. He was educated in Germany and France and, when he entered the British foreign service in 1885, could claim to be

Sir Eyre Crowe was a British diplomat who strongly urged an anti-German policy in the years before World War I. Crowe was the third son of Sir Joseph Crowe, an art historian. He was educated in Germany and France and, when he entered the British foreign service in 1885, could claim to be

The True Story Behind Feud: Capote vs. the Swans: Ann Woodward: Ann Woodward grew up in Kansas City and was largely raised…

Quaker Oats Company: …was registered in 1877 by Henry Parsons Crowell (1855–1944), an Ohio milling company owner who in 1891 joined with two other millers, Robert Stuart and Ferdinand Schumacher, in creating the American Cereal Company. By the late 1890s a management conflict had broken out between the three men. At first Schumacher…

Rosanne Cash: …Angeles by neotraditionalist country musician Rodney Crowell (who became Cash’s husband after the mixing of the record was completed). It signaled the arrival of a versatile singer.

Crowfoot was the head chief of the Blackfoot people and a strong advocate of peace and accommodation with whites. Crowfoot was only 13 years old when he took part in his first raid. He became a noted warrior and was appointed head chief of the Blackfoot. He tried to discourage tribal warfare, and

buttercup, (genus Ranunculus), genus of about 300 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. Buttercups are distributed throughout the world and are especially common in woods and fields of the north temperate zone. Most buttercups have tuberous or fibrous roots. The

Dorothy Hodgkin was an English chemist whose determination of the structure of penicillin and vitamin B12 brought her the 1964 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Dorothy Crowfoot was the eldest of four sisters whose parents, John and Grace Mary Crowfoot, worked in North Africa and the Middle East in

Crowland, village (parish) and abbey, South Holland district, administrative and historic county of Lincolnshire, eastern England. Crowland is situated in the low-lying Fens north of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire. The first abbey, built 719–860 over the cell of the hermit Guthlac on an island in the

Aleister Crowley was a British occultist, writer, and mountaineer, who was a practitioner of “magick” (as he spelled it) and called himself the Beast 666. He was denounced in his own time for his decadent lifestyle and had few followers, but he became a cult figure after his death. Crowley’s father

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.: …much-publicized meeting with Gates and James Crowley, the officer who had arrested Gates, which became informally known as the “beer summit” because Obama invited the two for beers in the White House Rose Garden.

Four Horsemen: Stuhldreher (quarterback), Don Miller and Jim Crowley (halfbacks), and Elmer Layden (fullback). Supported by the Seven Mules (the nickname given to the offensive line that cleared the way for the four backs) and coached by Knute Rockne, they gained enduring football fame when the nickname appeared in Rice’s report in…

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: Campaign for the NY-14 congressional seat: …of primary: her opponent, incumbent Joe Crowley, was a powerful Democrat who had held the seat since 1999. He was the chair of the U.S. House of Representatives Democratic Caucus, the subgroup in which every House Democrat is a member and which elects the leaders of the House Democrats, approves…

Robert Crowley was an English Puritan, social reformer, and Christian Socialist prominent in the vestiarian disputes (over the alleged “Romishness” of the vestments worn by Anglican clergy) of Elizabeth I’s reign. His writings include The Way to Wealth (1550), in which he attributed the

facet: …a plane that separates the crown, the stone’s upper portion, from the pavilion, the stone’s base. The large facet in the crown parallel to the girdle is the table; the very small one in the pavilion also parallel to the girdle is the culet. Certain stones, such as mogul cut…

coin: Gold coinage: He introduced the gold crown of five shillings, with its half, raised the angel to seven shillings and sixpence, and introduced the George noble—so called from its type of St. George and the Dragon—to take the angel’s old value. In 1544 he issued the base shilling, or teston, of…

tooth: A tooth consists of a crown and one or more roots. The crown is the functional part that is visible above the gum. The root is the unseen portion that supports and fastens the tooth in the jawbone. The root is attached to the tooth-bearing bone—the alveolar processes—of the jaws…

crown, monetary unit of several European countries, including Sweden, Denmark, and Norway—the first countries to adopt the crown, in the 1870s. The Swedish crown (krona) is divided into 100 öre, though coins valued at less than 100 öre are no longer in circulation. In Norway the unit is known as

crown, from the earliest times, a distinctive head ornament that has served as a reward of prowess and a sign of honour and dominion. Athletes, poets, and successful warriors were awarded wreaths of different forms in Classical times, and the chief of a barbarian tribe customarily wore a

Parliament of Canada: Crown: The Crown is the collectivity of executive powers exercised by or in the name of the sovereign—the head of state who reigns by hereditary right, as opposed to the elected head of government. Such powers stem from rights and privileges known as prerogative powers.…

crown and anchor, dice gambling game of English origin, dating back to the early 18th century and popular among British sailors and to some extent among Australian and American servicemen. Three six-sided dice—each having the symbols crown, anchor, spade, heart, diamond, and club—are used along

triregnum, triple crown that was either worn by or carried in front of the pope—the leader of the Roman Catholic Church—at ceremonies such as papal coronations and at nonliturgical functions such as processions. From about the 12th century to the mid-20th century each pope was presented with at

crime: The decision to prosecute: …States, procurator-fiscal in Scotland, and crown attorney in Canada). The prosecutor may be an elected local official (as in many jurisdictions in the United States) or a member of an organization responsible to a minister of the national government.

gastropod: Classification: shells (Fasciolariidae), whelks (Buccinidae), and crown conchs (Galeodidae) mainly cool-water species; but dove and tulip shells have many tropical representatives. Superfamily Volutacea Harp shells (Harpidae), olive shells (Olividae), mitre shells (Mitridae), volute shells (Volutidae),

Crown Court, a court system sitting in England and Wales and dealing largely with criminal cases. Created under the Courts Act of 1971, the Crown Court replaced the Crown Court of Liverpool, the Crown Court of Manchester, the Central Criminal Court in London (the Old Bailey), and all the other old

Derby ware: The modern Royal Crown Derby factory dates from 1875.

bulbil: Bulbils, called offsets when full-sized, fall or are removed and planted to produce new plants. They are especially common among such plants as onions and lilies.

alkali metal: Formation of complexes: In some cases two crown ether molecules can encapsulate a cation in a “sandwich” fashion. For example, K+ just fits into the centre of an 18-crown-6 ring (18 atoms in the ring, 12 of which are carbon atoms and 6 are ether oxygen atoms) to form a 1:1 complex…

Baldwin IV: …known in Flemish history as Crown Flanders (Kroon-Vlaanderen), the German fiefs as Imperial Flanders (Rijks-Vlaanderen). Baldwin’s son—afterward Baldwin V—rebelled in 1028 against his father at the instigation of his wife, Adela, daughter of Robert II of France; two years later peace was sworn at Oudenaarde, and the old count continued…

crown gall, plant disease, caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens (synonym Rhizobium radiobacter). Thousands of plant species are susceptible. They include especially grape, members of the rose family (Rosaceae), shade and nut trees, many shrubs and vines, and perennial garden plants.

crown glass, handmade glass of soda-lime composition for domestic glazing or optical uses. The technique of crown glass remained standard from the earliest times: a bubble of glass, blown into a pear shape and flattened, was transferred to the glassmaker’s pontil (a solid iron rod), reheated and

crown glass: The technique of crown glass remained standard from the earliest times: a bubble of glass, blown into a pear shape and flattened, was transferred to the glassmaker’s pontil (a solid iron rod), reheated and rotated at speed, until centrifugal force formed a large circular plate of…

bowls: In crown green bowls, a variation that is popular in the northern and Midland counties of England, the green is a square area with a gradually raised crown, or hump, in the centre of the green. Unlike the surface for flat green bowls, the surface for…

fritillary: …species with poisonous bulbs, and crown imperial (F. imperialis), a strong-smelling plant, are commonly cultivated as garden flowers.

crown jewels, royal ornaments used in the actual ceremony of consecration, and the formal ensigns of monarchy worn or carried on occasions of state, as well as the collections of rich personal jewelry brought together by various European sovereigns as valuable assets not of their individual estates

crown land, in Great Britain, land owned by the crown, the income from which has been, since the reign of George III (1760–1820), surrendered to Parliament in return for a fixed Civil List, an agreed sum provided annually for the maintenance of the sovereign’s expenses. In Anglo-Saxon times the

Native American: The conquest of western Canada: …of these policies was the Crown Lands Protection Act (1839), which affirmed that aboriginal lands were the property of the crown unless specifically titled to an individual (see crown land). By disallowing indigenous control of real estate, a requirement for full citizenship in most of Canada, the act disenfranchised most…

United States Virgin Islands: Land: …1,556 feet (474 metres) at Crown Mountain on St. Thomas, 1,277 feet (389 metres) at Bordeaux Mountain on St. John, and 1,088 feet (332 metres) at Mount Eagle on St. Croix—the largest of the islands, with an area of 84 square miles (218 square km). St. Thomas and St. John…

Louise Erdrich: …some of her novels, notably The Crown of Columbus (1991); the couple was in the process of divorcing when Dorris committed suicide in 1997.

Grace Slick: Jefferson Airplane: That same year Crown of Creation was a commercial and critical success, reaching number six on the Billboard pop chart. It showed the band moving into a heavier acid rock sound, influenced by the psychedelic rock scene. The Slick-penned single “Lather” on the album was written for her…

crown of thorns, (Euphorbia milii), thorny plant of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), native to Madagascar. Crown of thorns is popular as a houseplant and is grown in warm climates as a garden shrub. Flowering is year-round but most plentiful in wintertime in the Northern Hemisphere. The common

John Ruskin: Cultural criticism of John Ruskin: The Crown of Wild Olive (1866, enlarged in 1873) collects some of the best specimens of Ruskin’s Carlylean manner, notably the lecture “Traffic” of 1864, which memorably draws its audience’s attention to the hypocrisy manifested by their choice of Gothic architecture for their churches but…

Crown Point, town (township), Essex county, northeastern New York, U.S., on Lake Champlain, just north of Ticonderoga. Putnam Creek, named for the American Revolutionary War general Israel Putnam, flows through the town, which includes the hamlets of Crown Point, Crown Point Center, and Ironville.

Bougainville Island: …of the island, and the Crown Prince Range occupies the southern half. Coral reefs fringe the shore.

crown glass: The technique of crown glass remained standard from the earliest times: a bubble of glass, blown into a pear shape and flattened, was transferred to the glassmaker’s pontil (a solid iron rod), reheated and rotated at speed, until centrifugal force formed a large circular plate of…

crown vetch, (Securigera varia), vigorous trailing plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), widely grown in temperate areas as a ground cover. Crown vetch is native to the Mediterranean region and has naturalized in many places; it is considered an invasive species in parts of the United States. The

Henry Crown was a business executive and philanthropist. Crown left school in the eighth grade, worked as an office boy, and in 1919 borrowed $10,000 to found Material Service Corp. with his brothers Irving and Sol. The firm began as a sand, gravel, and lime business that, in 1959, merged into the

al-Hamdānī: His encyclopaedia Al-Iklīl (“The Crown”; Eng. trans. of vol. 8 by N.A. Faris as The Antiquities of South Arabia) and his other writings are a major source of information on Arabia, providing a valuable anthology of South Arabian poetry as well as much genealogical, topographical, and historical…

Gillian Anderson: Other TV work: The Fall, Sex Education, and The Crown: …the fourth season (2020) of The Crown; for her work in the latter series, the actress received her second Emmy. In the debut season (2022) of The First Lady, an anthology series about U.S. first ladies, she portrayed Eleanor Roosevelt.

crown-of-thorns starfish, (Acanthaster planci), reddish and heavy-spined species of the phylum Echinodermata. The adult has from 12 to 19 arms, is typically 45 centimetres (18 inches) across, and feeds on coral polyps. Beginning about 1963 it increased enormously on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.

Derrick Barnes: His picture book Crown: An Ode to the Fresh Cut (2017) won the Kirkus Prize for young readers’ literature and was named a Newbery Honor Book and a Coretta Scott King Honor Book in 2018.

crane: …Europe, and Central Asia; the crowned crane (Balearica pavonina [regulorum]), over nearly all of Africa; and the wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus), in eastern and southern Africa.

falconiform: The postfledging period: In the crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus), for example, the postfledging period is 9 to 11 months, but in the related martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus) it is much shorter.

lapwing: The crowned lapwing (Stephanibyx coronatus), of Africa, has a black cap with a white ring around it. The red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus (sometimes Lobivanellus) indicus, and the yellow-wattled lapwing (V. malabaricus), of southern Asia, have wattles on the face. Others are the gray-headed lapwing (Microsarcops cinereus), of…

pigeon: The Gourinae, or crowned pigeons, consists solely of three species (genus Goura), found in New Guinea. Blue-gray birds with fanlike head crests, they are the largest of all pigeons—nearly the size of a turkey.

circus: History: …in history only as “Crowninshield’s elephant”), became the first elephant to be exhibited with a circus when it joined the Cayetano, Codet, Menial & Redon Circus of New York in 1812.

crowns of Egypt, part of the sovereign regalia of the kings of ancient Egypt. The crown of Upper Egypt was white and cone-shaped, while that of Lower Egypt was red and flat, with a rising projection in back and a spiral curl in front. Physical examples of these crowns remain elusive, so the

Crowsnest Pass, pass in the Canadian Rockies at the Alberta–British Columbia border, Canada, 7 mi (11 km) south of Crowsnest Mountain. One of the lower passes of the Continental Divide, it has an elevation of 4,449 ft (1,356 m). Noted by Capt. John Palliser’s expedition in 1858, it was used for

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Crowsoniellidae 1 species, Crowsoniella relicta. Family Cupesidae (Cupedidae; reticulated beetles) Small and little-known; found under bark; about 30 species widely distributed. Family Jurodidae 1 species,