Keanu Reeves: …starred as a demonologist in Constantine (2005) and a would-be bank robber in Henry’s Crime (2010). In 2013 he made his directorial debut with Man of Tai Chi (2013), about an underground martial-arts fight club; he also starred in the drama. Reeves then received praise for his performance as a…

Constantine I was the king of Scotland or Alba, the united kingdom of the Picts and Scots (862–877), who succeeded his uncle Donald I. Constantine’s reign was occupied with conflicts with the Norsemen. Olaf the White, the Danish king of Dublin, laid waste the country of the Picts and Britons year

Constantine I was the first Roman emperor to profess Christianity. He not only initiated the evolution of the empire into a Christian state but also provided the impulse for a distinctively Christian culture that prepared the way for the growth of Byzantine and Western medieval culture. Constantine

Constantine I was the king of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from 1920 to 1922. His neutralist, but essentially pro-German, attitude during World War I caused the Western Allies and his Greek opponents to depose him in 1917, and, having lent himself to Greece’s disastrous policy of territorial

Constantine II was the king of Greece from 1964 to 1974. After spending World War II in exile in South Africa, Constantine returned to Greece in 1946. When his father became King Paul I in 1947, Constantine became crown prince; he succeeded to the throne upon his father’s death on March 6, 1964.

Constantine II was one of the greatest of early Scottish kings, his long reign (900–943) being proof of his power during a period of dynastic conflicts and foreign invasions. During the first part of his reign the kingdom was still beset by the Norsemen. In his third year they wasted Dunkeld and

Constantine II was a Roman emperor from 337 to 340. The second son of Constantine the Great (ruled 306–337), he was given the title of caesar by his father on March 1, 317. When Constantine the Great died in 337, Constantine II and his brothers, Constans and Constantius II, each adopted the title

Constantine III was a Byzantine emperor from January to April or May 641. He was coemperor with his father, Heraclius, from 613 and with his brother Heraclonas from 638. During his reign, court intrigues nearly led to civil war, which was prevented by his death. It was rumoured that he was poisoned

Constantine III was the king of the Scots (995–997), who succeeded to the crown after the murder of his cousin, Kenneth II, son of Malcolm I. After a brief reign of two years he was himself killed, perhaps by an illegitimate son (named Kenneth) of Malcolm I or by his successor, Kenneth

Constantine IV was a Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685. He was the eldest son of Constans II and became coemperor with him in 654. Constantine withstood a four-year Arab siege of Constantinople (674–678), greatly enhancing Byzantine prestige and indeed marking a turning point in European history.

Constantine IX Monomachus was the Byzantine emperor from 1042 to 1055. Constantine owed his elevation to Zoe, the empress of the Macedonian dynasty, who took him as her third husband. Constantine belonged to the civil party, the opponents of the military magnates, and he neglected the defenses of

Constantine (XI) Lascaris was a titular Byzantine emperor, 1204–05. While the Latin crusaders were besieging Constantinople in April 1204, the emperor Alexius V slipped away into exile, and Constantine, one of the city’s leading defenders, was proclaimed emperor in the Cathedral of St. Sophia.

Constans II Pogonatus was a Byzantine (Eastern Roman) emperor whose reign saw the loss of Byzantium’s southern and eastern provinces to the Arabs. The son of the emperor Constantine III, Constans came to the throne in September 641, at age 11, after his father’s death; during his minority the

Constantine the African was a medieval medical scholar who initiated the translation of Arabic medical works into Latin, a development that profoundly influenced Western thought. Constantine possessed an excellent knowledge of Greek, Latin, Arabic, and several additional languages acquired during

Constantine I was the first Roman emperor to profess Christianity. He not only initiated the evolution of the empire into a Christian state but also provided the impulse for a distinctively Christian culture that prepared the way for the growth of Byzantine and Western medieval culture. Constantine

Constantine V Copronymus was the Byzantine emperor from 741 to 775, son of Leo III the Isaurian. Constantine was made coruler of the empire with his father in 720. Most of his life before and after his accession as sole ruler was spent in largely successful military campaigns against Arabs and

Constantine VI was the Byzantine emperor from 780 to 797, and the grandson of Constantine V. At 10 years of age Constantine succeeded his father, Leo IV, under the guardianship of his mother, Irene. It was during her regency that the seventh ecumenical Council of Nicaea (787) reestablished the

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus was the Byzantine emperor from 913 to 959. His writings are one of the best sources of information on the Byzantine Empire and neighbouring areas. His De administrando imperio treated the Slavic and Turkic peoples, and the De ceremoniis aulae Byzantinae, his longest

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus was the Byzantine emperor from 913 to 959. His writings are one of the best sources of information on the Byzantine Empire and neighbouring areas. His De administrando imperio treated the Slavic and Turkic peoples, and the De ceremoniis aulae Byzantinae, his longest

Constantine VIII was a Byzantine emperor, coemperor with his brother Basil II from c. 962 to 1025 and sole ruler from 1025 to 1028. He was a pleasure-loving man who allowed the administration to fall into the hands of others. He had no male heir, and on his deathbed he arranged that his second

Constantine X Ducas was the Byzantine emperor from 1059 to 1067, successor to Isaac I Comnenus. Constantine’s accession was a triumph for the civil aristocracy and was unfortunate in that he proved an incapable emperor. He reduced the army and neglected the frontier defenses at a time when the

Constantine X Ducas was the Byzantine emperor from 1059 to 1067, successor to Isaac I Comnenus. Constantine’s accession was a triumph for the civil aristocracy and was unfortunate in that he proved an incapable emperor. He reduced the army and neglected the frontier defenses at a time when the

Constantine XI Palaeologus was the last Byzantine emperor (1449–53), killed in the final defense of Constantinople against the Ottoman Turks. He is sometimes referred to as Constantine XII, based on the erroneous idea that Constantine Lascaris was crowned in 1204. Constantine was the fourth son of

Constantine XI Palaeologus was the last Byzantine emperor (1449–53), killed in the final defense of Constantinople against the Ottoman Turks. He is sometimes referred to as Constantine XII, based on the erroneous idea that Constantine Lascaris was crowned in 1204. Constantine was the fourth son of

Constantine XI Palaeologus was the last Byzantine emperor (1449–53), killed in the final defense of Constantinople against the Ottoman Turks. He is sometimes referred to as Constantine XII, based on the erroneous idea that Constantine Lascaris was crowned in 1204. Constantine was the fourth son of

Constantine XI Palaeologus was the last Byzantine emperor (1449–53), killed in the final defense of Constantinople against the Ottoman Turks. He is sometimes referred to as Constantine XII, based on the erroneous idea that Constantine Lascaris was crowned in 1204. Constantine was the fourth son of

Arch of Constantine, (ad 312), one of three surviving ancient Roman triumphal arches in Rome. Erected hastily to celebrate Constantine’s victory over Maxentius, it incorporates sculptures from many earlier buildings, including part of a battle frieze and figures of prisoners from the Forum of

Basilica of Constantine, large, roofed hall in Rome, begun by the emperor Maxentius and finished by Constantine about ad 313. This huge building, the greatest of the Roman basilicas, covered about 7,000 square yards (5,600 square m) and included a central nave that was 265 feet (80 m) long and 83

Learie Constantine, Baron Constantine of Maraval and Nelson was a Trinidadian professional cricketer and government official. Constantine’s play at Lord’s Cricket Ground, London, in June 1928 first made British audiences aware of the high quality of West Indian cricket. In the same year,

Learie Constantine, Baron Constantine of Maraval and Nelson was a Trinidadian professional cricketer and government official. Constantine’s play at Lord’s Cricket Ground, London, in June 1928 first made British audiences aware of the high quality of West Indian cricket. In the same year,

Algeria: The Tell: …follows another to separate the plains of Constantine from the sea. The lands south of the plains are dominated by the Hodna, Aurès, and Nemencha ranges. The plains themselves, which have long been used for growing cereal grains, have a distinct local topography and do not present the same features…

Constantine-Silvanus was the probable founder of the Middle Eastern sect of Paulicians, a group of Christian dualists. Constantine-Silvanus is said to have come from Mananali (Mananalis), near Samosata, Syria. In assuming the additional name of Silvanus, he intended to honour a companion of St.

Romania: New constitution: …Iliescu lost the presidency to Emil Constantinescu, the leader of the Democratic Convention of Romania (Convenția Democrată din România; CDR), whose party had formed a centre-right coalition with the Social Democratic Union (Uniunea Social Democrată; USD) and the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania (Uniunea Democrată a Maghiarilor din România; UDMR).…

Donation of Constantine, the best-known and most important forgery of the Middle Ages, the document purporting to record the Roman emperor Constantine the Great’s bestowal of vast territory and spiritual and temporal power on Pope Sylvester I (reigned 314–335) and his successors. Based on legends

Istanbul, largest city and principal seaport of Turkey. It was the capital of both the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The old walled city of Istanbul stands on a triangular peninsula between Europe and Asia. Sometimes as a bridge, sometimes as a barrier, Istanbul for more than 2,500 years

Constantinople Agreement, (March 18, 1915), secret World War I agreement between Russia, Britain, and France for the postwar partition of the Ottoman Empire. It promised to satisfy Russia’s long-standing designs on the Turkish Straits by giving Russia Constantinople (Istanbul), together with a

canals and inland waterways: Administration: …an Anglo-French agreement, was the Constantinople Convention of 1888, establishing the Suez Canal as an international waterway open to all in war and peace, finally implemented. In 1956 British presence in the area ended, and troops were withdrawn from the Canal Zone; the Egyptian government nationalized the assets of the…

hazelnut: colurna) are sold commercially as Constantinople nuts. The former common name for the genus was hazel; various species were termed filbert, hazelnut, or cobnut, depending on the relative length of the nut to its husk, but this distinction was found to be misleading.

Mary Mills Patrick: …American High School became the American College for Girls at Constantinople, later known as Constantinople Woman’s College. Patrick served as president of the college from its opening. Her summer studies at the Universities of Heidelberg, Zürich, Berlin, Leipzig, Paris, and Oxford resulted in a Ph.D. from the University of Bern,…

canals and inland waterways: Administration: …an Anglo-French agreement, was the Constantinople Convention of 1888, establishing the Suez Canal as an international waterway open to all in war and peace, finally implemented. In 1956 British presence in the area ended, and troops were withdrawn from the Canal Zone; the Egyptian government nationalized the assets of the…

Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, honorary primacy of the Eastern Orthodox autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, churches; it is also known as the “ecumenical patriarchate,” or “Roman” patriarchate (Turkish: Rum patriarkhanesi). According to a legend of the late 4th century, the

Fall of Constantinople, (May 29, 1453), conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days. Mehmed surrounded Constantinople from land

First Council of Constantinople, (381), the second ecumenical council of the Christian church, summoned by the emperor Theodosius I and meeting in Constantinople. Doctrinally, it adopted what became known to the church as the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed (commonly referred to as the Nicene

Fourth Council of Constantinople, (869–870), a council of the Christian church, meeting in Constantinople. The Roman church eventually recognized it as the eighth ecumenical council, but the Eastern church for the most part denied its ecumenicity and continues to recognize only the first seven

Nestorius: …was an early bishop of Constantinople whose views on the nature and person of Christ led to the calling of the Council of Ephesus in 431 and to Nestorianism, one of the major Christian heresies. A few small Nestorian churches still exist.

Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, honorary primacy of the Eastern Orthodox autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, churches; it is also known as the “ecumenical patriarchate,” or “Roman” patriarchate (Turkish: Rum patriarkhanesi). According to a legend of the late 4th century, the

Austria: Acquisition of Bohemia: …and became formalized in the Peace of Constantinople (1562).

Peter I: The Northern War (1700–21): By the Russo-Turkish Peace of Constantinople (Istanbul, 1700) he retained possession of Azov. He was now turning his attention to the Baltic instead, following the tradition of his predecessors.

Sack of Constantinople, (April 1204). The diversion of the Fourth Crusade from the Holy Land to attack, capture, and pillage the Byzantine city of Constantinople divided and dissipated the efforts of the Christians to maintain the war against the Muslims. It is widely regarded as a shocking

Second Council of Constantinople, (553), the fifth ecumenical council of the Christian church, meeting under the presidency of Eutychius, patriarch of Constantinople. Pope Vigilius of Rome, who had been summoned to Constantinople, opposed the council and took sanctuary in a church from May to

Byzantine Empire: Final Turkish assault: …in 1421, the days of Constantinople and of Hellenism were numbered. In 1422 Murad revoked all the privileges accorded to the Byzantines by his father and laid siege to Constantinople. His armies invaded Greece and blockaded Thessalonica. The city was then a possession of Manuel II’s son Andronicus, who in…

Eastern Orthodoxy: Relations with the Western church: However, on May 29, 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks. Sultan Mehmed II transformed Hagia Sophia into an mosque, and the few partisans of the union fled to Italy.

Eastern Orthodoxy: Relations with the West: In 1755 the Synod of Constantinople decreed that all Westerners—Latin or Protestant—had invalid sacraments and were only to be admitted into the Orthodox Church through baptism.

Third Council of Constantinople, (680–681), the sixth ecumenical council of the Christian church, summoned by the emperor Constantine IV and meeting at Constantinople. The council condemned the monothelites, among them Pope Honorius I, and asserted two wills and two operations of Christ.

Nicene Creed, a Christian statement of faith that is the only ecumenical creed because it is accepted as authoritative by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and major Protestant churches. The Apostles’ and Athanasian creeds are accepted by some but not all of these churches. Until the

Constantine the African was a medieval medical scholar who initiated the translation of Arabic medical works into Latin, a development that profoundly influenced Western thought. Constantine possessed an excellent knowledge of Greek, Latin, Arabic, and several additional languages acquired during

Constantine was a usurping Roman emperor who was recognized as coruler by the Western emperor Honorius in 409. Proclaimed emperor by his army in Britain in 407, Constantine crossed to the European continent with a force of British troops; by the end of the year he controlled eastern Gaul. An army

Constantine II was a Roman emperor from 337 to 340. The second son of Constantine the Great (ruled 306–337), he was given the title of caesar by his father on March 1, 317. When Constantine the Great died in 337, Constantine II and his brothers, Constans and Constantius II, each adopted the title

Constantine I was the first Roman emperor to profess Christianity. He not only initiated the evolution of the empire into a Christian state but also provided the impulse for a distinctively Christian culture that prepared the way for the growth of Byzantine and Western medieval culture. Constantine

Constantius I was a Roman emperor and father of Constantine I the Great. As a member of a four-man ruling body (tetrarchy) created by the emperor Diocletian, Constantius held the title of caesar from 293 to 305 and caesar augustus in 305–306. Of Illyrian descent, Constantius had a distinguished

Constantius II was a Roman emperor from ad 337 to 361, who at first shared power with his two brothers, Constantine II (d. 340) and Constans I (d. 350), but who was the sole ruler from 353 to 361. The third son of Constantine I the Great and Fausta, Constantius served under his father as caesar

Constantius III was a Roman emperor in 421. Constantius came from Naissus (modern Niš, Serbia) in the province of Moesia. In 411, as magister militum (“master of the soldiers”) under the Western Roman emperor Flavius Honorius (reigned 393–423), Constantius helped to overthrow the usurping emperor

Gallus Caesar was the ruler of the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, with the title of caesar, from 351 to 354. Sources dating from this period describe Gallus’ reign at Antioch (present-day Antakya, Tur.) as tyrannical. His father, Julius Constantius, was the half brother of Constantine the

Katina Paxinou was an internationally recognized Greek actress known for her tragic roles in both modern and classic drama. With her second husband, the Greek actor-producer Alexis Minotis, she produced revivals of classic plays in ancient outdoor Greek theatres and translated modern plays into

Constance was the queen of Sicily (1194–98) and Holy Roman empress-consort (1191–97). Her marriage to a Hohenstaufen gave that German dynasty a claim to the throne of Sicily and her political skill preserved the throne for her son. The daughter of King Roger II of Sicily, Constance married the

Constellaria, genus of extinct bryozoans (small colonial animals that produce a skeletal framework of calcium carbonate) especially characteristic of Ordovician marine rocks (505 to 438 million years old). The structure of Constellaria is branching and generally flattened front to back with

Baltimore: History: Navy’s first ship, the Constellation, was launched in Baltimore in 1797, and its namesake, the last all-sail warship built (1854) for the navy, has been moored in the city’s harbour since 1955; in the late 1990s the ship underwent extensive restoration. The Continental Congress met in Baltimore (December 1776–March…

constellation, in astronomy, any of certain groupings of stars that were imagined—at least by those who named them—to form conspicuous configurations of objects or creatures in the sky. Constellations are useful in assisting astronomers and navigators to locate certain stars. From the earliest

Constellation program, canceled U.S. crewed spaceflight program that was scheduled as a successor to the space shuttle program. Its earliest flights were planned to carry astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) beginning in 2015. However, missions to the Moon by 2020 and to Mars after

thought: The process of thought: …theory resembled the earlier “constellation theory” of constrained association developed by Georg Elias Müller. Hull held that one particular response will occur and overcome its competitors because it is associated both with the cue stimulus (which may be the immediately preceding thought process or an external event) and with…

Joan Miró: Mature work and international recognition: …to Spain, where he painted Constellations (1941), a series of small works scattered with symbols of the elements and the cosmos, expressing the happy collaboration of everything creative. During the last year of the war (1944), Miró, together with his potter friend José Lloréns Artigas, produced ceramics with a new…

Jake Gyllenhaal: Stage work: …in his first Broadway production, Constellations. Gyllenhaal later acted in a revival of Stephen Sondheim’s Sunday in the Park with George (2017), and in 2019 he starred in A Life, which was staged with Sea Wall. Both were one-act monologues involving young fathers. Gyllenhaal earned acclaim—as well as his first…

constipation, delayed passage of waste through the lower portion of the large intestine, with the possible discharge of relatively dry, hardened feces from the anus. Among the causes cited for the disorder are lack of regularity in one’s eating habits, spasms of the large intestine, metabolic

Alejandro Aravena: …rebuilding the hard-hit town of Constitución, where he built the Villa Verde Housing (2013), also based on the incremental housing design, a seaside promenade (2014), and the Constitución Cultural Centre (2013–15).

Mexico City: City layout: …city is the enormous, concrete-covered Plaza de la Constitución, or Zócalo, the largest public square in Latin America. At its edges stand the Metropolitan Cathedral (north), National Palace (east), Municipal Palace, or city hall (south), and an antique line of arcaded shops (west). A few blocks to the west is…

constituency, basic electoral unit into which eligible electors are organized to elect representatives to a legislative or other public body. The registration of electors is also usually undertaken within the bounds of the constituency. Constituencies vary in size and in the number of

Labour Party: Policy and structure: These organizations include the constituency Labour parties (CLPs), which are responsible for recruiting and organizing members in each of the country’s parliamentary constituencies; affiliated trade unions, which traditionally have had an important role in party affairs; the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP), comprising Labour members of Parliament; and a variety…

Tunisia: Transition: …the composition of the 217-member Constituent Assembly, a new body with a mandate to appoint an interim cabinet and draft a new constitution. With voter turnout at nearly 70 percent, the moderate Islamist Ennahda Party emerged as the clear victor, winning 90 seats with more than 40 percent of the…

Egypt: Government and society: In 2012 a 100-member Constituent Assembly was appointed by the newly elected legislature to write a draft constitution to be approved by a national referendum. Because Islamist parties had won a more than two-thirds majority in the legislature, Islamists were appointed to the majority of seats in the Constituent…

Constituent Assembly, popularly elected body that convened in 1918 in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) to write a constitution and form a government for postrevolutionary Russia. The assembly was dissolved by the Bolshevik government. The election of the Constituent Assembly was held on Nov. 25, 1917

linguistics: Chomsky’s grammar: …three sections, or components: the phrase-structure component, the transformational component, and the morphophonemic component. Each of these components consisted of a set of rules operating upon a certain “input” to yield a certain “output.” The notion of phrase structure may be dealt with independently of its incorporation in the larger…

Germany: Frederick II and the princes: …to all territorial lords (Constitutio, or Statutum in Favorem Principum, 1232) gave them written guarantees against the activities of royal demesne officials and limited the development of imperial towns at the expense of episcopal territories. But the charters were not always observed, and until 1250 the crown remained formidable…

Caracalla: …most famous measure, the so-called Constitutio Antoniniana de Civitate, as a device designed solely to collect more taxes.

Italy: The Investiture Controversy: …factions in 1037 by the Constitutio de feudis, which made the fiefs of the vavasours hereditary. The settlement, however, did not create a lasting peace. A group of vavasours and lower clergy led by Arialdo and Erlembaldo opposed the archbishop, who was supported by the capitanei. The dissidents, known as…

Royal Household of the United Kingdom: The medieval household: …Stephen’s reign (1135–54) when the Constitutio domus regis was compiled. Like the household ordinances of the later Middle Ages, it is primarily concerned with the daily wage in money and the allowance of bread, wine, and candles due to each household officer and ignores the fact that the less important…

Constitution, warship renowned in American history. One of the first frigates built for the U.S. Navy, it was launched in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 21, 1797; it is the world’s oldest commissioned warship afloat. (The HMS Victory is older [1765] but is preserved in a drydock at Portsmouth,

constitution, the body of doctrines and practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of a political state. In some cases, such as the United States, the constitution is a specific written document. In others, such as the United Kingdom, it is a collection of documents, statutes, and

William Lyon Mackenzie: …more radical news paper, the Constitution, in which he supported ideas of Jacksonian democracy (the policies of U.S. President Andrew Jackson). As corresponding secretary for the extreme wing of the Reform Party, he communicated with Louis Joseph Papineau in Lower Canada (now in Quebec), who was already planning rebellion. An…

Ralph McGill: …whose editorials in the Atlanta Constitution had a profound influence on social change in the southern United States. He was sometimes called “the conscience of the New South,” and his influence was also important in interpreting the Southern states to the North and West.

British North America Act, the act of Parliament of the United Kingdom by which in 1867 three British colonies in North America—Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Canada—were united as “one Dominion under the name of Canada” and by which provision was made that the other colonies and territories of

Australian Patriotic Association: …in the passage of the Constitution Act of 1842 and the incorporation of the city of Sydney as a municipality with a broadly based franchise.

Sir William Fox: …statesman who helped shape the Constitution Act of 1852, which established home rule for New Zealand. He also served four short terms as the nation’s prime minister (1856, 1861–62, 1869–72, 1873).

Canada Act, Canada’s constitution approved by the British Parliament on March 25, 1982, and proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II on April 17, 1982, making Canada wholly independent. The document contains the original statute that established the Canadian Confederation in 1867 (the British North America

Grand Canal: The Constitution Bridge, designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava and unveiled in 2008, lies to the west of the Scalzi Bridge. It links the railway station to the bus terminal and parking complex at Rome Square.

Civil Constitution of the Clergy, (July 12, 1790), during the French Revolution, an attempt to reorganize the Roman Catholic Church in France on a national basis. It caused a schism within the French Church and made many devout Catholics turn against the Revolution. There was a need to create a new

St. Stephen’s Day, one of two holidays widely observed in honour of two Christian saints. In many countries December 26 commemorates the life of St. Stephen, a Christian deacon in Jerusalem who was known for his service to the poor and his status as the first Christian martyr (he was stoned to

Golden Week: …are Shōwa Day (April 29), Constitution Day (May 3), Greenery Day (May 4), and Children’s Day (May 5).

Constitution of 1791, French constitution created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution. It retained the monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly, which was elected by a system of indirect voting. The franchise was restricted to “active” citizens who

Constitution of 1795 (Year III), French constitution established during the Thermidorian Reaction in the French Revolution. Known as the Constitution of Year III in the French republican calendar, it was prepared by the Thermidorian Convention. It was more conservative than the abortive democratic

constitution of 1917, the fundamental law of the Mexican federal republic. Amended several times, it guarantees personal freedoms and civil liberties and also establishes economic and political principles for the country. In 1916, with most of central and southern Mexico under his Constitutionalist