Bet Sheʾan, town, northeastern Israel, principal settlement in the low ʿEmeq Bet Sheʾan (ʿemeq, “valley”), site of one of the oldest inhabited cities of ancient Palestine. It is about 394 ft (120 m) below sea level. Overlooking the town to the north is Tel Bet Sheʾan (Arabic Tall al-Ḥuṣn), one of

Gilberto Gil: Maria Bethânia, and Tom Zé. These and other songwriters and poets (such as Torquato Neto and Capinan) sought to transform the cultural landscape of the country. Gil, who was impressed with the music of older singer and guitarist João Gilberto, added the guitar to the…

Bethanie, village, southern Namibia. Bethanie is situated at the site of a spring in an arid region; the region edges into the extremely arid Namib Desert on the west. It lies at an elevation of 3,773 feet (1,150 metres), 19 miles (31 km) north of a station on the country’s main rail line, 165

Bethanie, village, southern Namibia. Bethanie is situated at the site of a spring in an arid region; the region edges into the extremely arid Namib Desert on the west. It lies at an elevation of 3,773 feet (1,150 metres), 19 miles (31 km) north of a station on the country’s main rail line, 165

Bethany, small village and biblical site on the eastern slopes of the Mount of Olives just outside Jerusalem, situated in the West Bank. Under Jordanian control from 1949 to 1967, Bethany became part of the West Bank territory under Israeli occupation following the Six-Day War of 1967 and came

Bethany, city, Oklahoma county, central Oklahoma, U.S., immediately west of Oklahoma City. It was established in 1909 as a religious colony centred on Southern Nazarene University, which was established as Oklahoma Holiness College in 1909 but later merged with the Texas Holiness University

musical form: Principles of musical form: In the hymn tune “Bethany,” by Lowell Mason, shown below, the eight phrases may be grouped in pairs to produce the scheme:

Disciples of Christ: Origins: …founded The Millennial Harbinger, established Bethany College, then in Virginia (1840), and agitated unsuccessfully for a general church organization based on congregational representation. The first general convention met at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1849 and launched the American Christian Missionary Society as a “society of individuals” and not an ecclesiastical body.…

radiation: Stopping power: …with two positive charges), the stopping number B, according to the German-born American physicist Hans Bethe, is given by quantum mechanics as equal to the atomic number (Z) of the absorbing medium times the natural logarithm (ln) of two times the electronic mass times the velocity squared of the particle,…

Hans Bethe was a German-born American theoretical physicist who helped shape quantum physics and increased the understanding of the atomic processes responsible for the properties of matter and of the forces governing the structures of atomic nuclei. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1967

Hans Bethe was a German-born American theoretical physicist who helped shape quantum physics and increased the understanding of the atomic processes responsible for the properties of matter and of the forces governing the structures of atomic nuclei. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1967

Bethel, ancient city of Palestine, located just north of Jerusalem. Originally called Luz and in modern times Baytin, Bethel was important in Old Testament times and was frequently associated with Abraham and Jacob. Excavations, carried out by the American School of Oriental Research and the

Woodstock: …on a farm property in Bethel, New York, August 15–18, 1969. The Woodstock Music and Art Fair was organized by four inexperienced promoters who nonetheless signed a who’s who of current rock acts, including Jimi Hendrix, Sly and the Family Stone, the Who, the Grateful Dead

Pentecostalism: The origins of Pentecostalism: …the early 20th century at Bethel Bible College, a small religious school in Topeka, Kansas. The college’s director, Charles Fox Parham, one of many ministers who was influenced by the Holiness movement, believed that the complacent, worldly, and coldly formalistic church needed to be revived by another outpouring of the…

Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on July 7, 1986, ruled (7–2) that school officials did not violate a student’s free speech and due process rights when he was disciplined for making a lewd and vulgar speech at a school assembly. In April 1983

St. Paul: The contemporary city: … (Methodist; 1854), Macalester College (1874), Bethel University (Baptist; 1871), Luther Seminary (Lutheran; 1869), Concordia University (Lutheran; 1893), a campus of Metropolitan State University (1971), and a part of the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (1851), campus. The state capitol, Minnesota’s third, was designed by architect Cass Gilbert and was completed…

full-cell process, method of impregnating wood with preservatives, devised in the 19th century by the U.S. inventor John Bethell. It involves sealing the wood in a pressure chamber and applying a vacuum in order to remove air and moisture from the wood cells. The wood is then pressure-treated with

full-cell process: inventor John Bethell. It involves sealing the wood in a pressure chamber and applying a vacuum in order to remove air and moisture from the wood cells. The wood is then pressure-treated with preservatives in order to impregnate the full wood cell (that is, the cell…

Jean de Béthencourt was a Norman-French explorer, known as the conqueror of the Canary Islands. Béthencourt set out for the Canaries from La Rochelle, France, on May 1, 1402, in a joint expedition with Gadifer de La Salle. The two explorers had obtained a bull from the antipope Benedict XIII

Bethesda–Chevy Chase: …a group of communities (Bethesda and several associated with Chevy Chase) that prior to 1949 were governed by county commissioners and thereafter came mostly under the jurisdiction of chartered, popularly elected councils. The district takes its name from the Bethesda Presbyterian Church, built in 1820 on the Georgetown-Frederick Pike…

Bethesda–Chevy Chase, northwestern suburban area of Washington, D.C., in Montgomery county, Maryland, U.S. It is not an incorporated entity but a group of communities (Bethesda and several associated with Chevy Chase) that prior to 1949 were governed by county commissioners and thereafter came

Bounty, English armed transport ship remembered for the mutiny of her crew on April 28, 1789, while she was under the command of Capt. William Bligh (q.v.). See also Christian,

cyberpunk: …cyberpunk was coined by writer Bruce Bethke, who wrote a story with that title in 1982. He derived the term from the words cybernetics, the science of replacing human functions with computerized ones, and punk, the cacophonous music and nihilistic sensibility that developed in the youth culture during the 1970s…

Bethlehem, town in the West Bank, situated in the Judaean Hills 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem. According to the Gospels (Matthew 2; Luke 2), Bethlehem was the site of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. Christian theology has linked this with the belief that his birth there fulfills the Old Testament

Bethlehem, city, Northampton and Lehigh counties, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies on both sides of the Lehigh River and with Allentown and Easton forms an urban industrial complex. Founded in 1741 by Moravian missionaries, it received its name from a carol about Jesus Christ’s traditional

Bethlehem, town, northeastern Free State province, South Africa, located near the northernmost point of Lesotho, at an elevation of 5,368 feet (1,636 meters). Founded in 1860, it was named Bethlehem (“House of Bread”), after its Biblical counterpart, because wheat thrived in the region. The river

Jan Hus: Leader of Czech reform movement: …1391 Milíč’s pupils founded the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague, where public sermons were preached in Czech (rather than in Latin) in the spirit of Milíc̆’s teaching. From 1402 Hus was in charge of the chapel, which had become the centre of the growing national reform movement in Bohemia. He became…

Bethlehem, town in the West Bank, situated in the Judaean Hills 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem. According to the Gospels (Matthew 2; Luke 2), Bethlehem was the site of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. Christian theology has linked this with the belief that his birth there fulfills the Old Testament

Bedlam, the first asylum for the mentally ill in England. It is currently located in Beckenham, Kent. The word bedlam came to be used generically for all psychiatric hospitals and sometimes is used colloquially for an uproar. In 1247 the asylum was founded at Bishopsgate, just outside the London

bellflower: Bethlehem stars (C. isophylla), a trailing Italian species often grown as a pot plant, bears sprays of star-shaped violet, blue, or white flowers. Canterbury bell (C. medium), a southern European biennial, has large pink, blue, or white spikes of cup-shaped flowers. Peach-leaved bellflower (C. persicifolia),…

Bethlehem Steel Corporation, former American corporation (1904–2003) formed to consolidate Bethlehem Steel Company (of Pennsylvania), the Union Iron Works (with shipbuilding facilities in San Francisco), and a few other smaller companies. The company’s history traces to 1857, when a group of

Star of Bethlehem, celestial phenomenon mentioned in the Gospel According to Matthew as leading “wise men from the East” to the birthplace of Jesus Christ. Natural events that might well have been considered important omens and described as stars include exploding stars (novae and supernovae),

Bethlehem, town in the West Bank, situated in the Judaean Hills 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem. According to the Gospels (Matthew 2; Luke 2), Bethlehem was the site of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. Christian theology has linked this with the belief that his birth there fulfills the Old Testament

Deva: …foot of the hill rises Bethlen Castle, also known as Magna Curia, built in 1621; it now houses the regional museum. Deva has little industry, but there is some food processing, and nearby are small copper and andesite mines. Pop. (2007 est.) 67,508.

Gábor Bethlen was a Calvinist prince of Transylvania and briefly titular king of Hungary (August 1620 to December 1621), in opposition to the Catholic emperor Ferdinand II. Born into a leading Protestant family of northern Hungary, Bethlen as a young man was sent to the court of Prince Sigismund

István, Count Bethlen was a statesman and Hungarian prime minister from 1921 to 1931, who maintained the old order in Hungary after World War I. Born into an old aristocratic Transylvanian family, Bethlen was elected to Parliament as a Liberal (1901). Later he joined the national opposition and

Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg was a German imperial chancellor before and during World War I who possessed talents for administration but not for governing. A member of a Frankfurt banking family, Bethmann Hollweg studied law at Strassburg, Leipzig, and Berlin and entered the civil service. He was

Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg was a German imperial chancellor before and during World War I who possessed talents for administration but not for governing. A member of a Frankfurt banking family, Bethmann Hollweg studied law at Strassburg, Leipzig, and Berlin and entered the civil service. He was

Bathsheba, in the Hebrew Bible (2 Samuel 11, 12; 1 Kings 1, 2), wife of Uriah the Hittite; she later became one of the wives of King David and the mother of King Solomon. Bathsheba was a daughter of Eliam and was probably of noble birth. A beautiful woman, she became pregnant after David saw her

Béthune, town, Pas-de-Calais département, Hauts-de-France région, northern France, at the confluence of the Lawe River and the Aire Canal, southwest of Lille. Founded in the 12th century, Béthune was an independent county until 1248. Thereafter held successively by the counts of Artois and

David Beaton was a Scottish cardinal and statesman who promoted a close alliance between Scotland and France and who was an implacable opponent of the Scottish Reformation. Beaton became archbishop of St. Andrews in 1539 and papal legate in Scotland in 1544. Beginning his political career in 1529,

Norman Bethune was a Canadian surgeon and political activist. He began his medical career in 1917, serving with Canadian forces in World War I. During the Spanish Civil War he was a surgeon with the loyalist forces, setting up the first mobile blood-transfusion service. After a trip to the Soviet

James Beaton was the last Roman Catholic archbishop of Glasgow. A son of John Bethune of Auchmuty and a nephew of the cardinal David Beaton, James Beaton was a trusted adviser of the Scottish regent, Mary of Lorraine, widow of James V, and a determined foe of the Protestant reformers. Educated in

James Beaton was the primate of Scotland from 1522 and chancellor from 1513 to 1526. Uncle of the cardinal David Beaton, he was abbot of Dunfermline, Kilwinning, and Arbroath and successively archbishop of Glasgow (1509–22) and of St. Andrews (1522–39). As treasurer of Scotland (1505–09) and

Louise Blanchard Bethune was the first professional woman architect in the United States. Louise Blanchard took a position as a draftsman in the Buffalo, New York, architectural firm of Richard A. Waite in 1876. In October 1881 she opened her own architectural office in partnership with Robert A.

Mary McLeod Bethune was an American educator who was active nationally in African American affairs and was a special adviser to U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt on the problems of minority groups. Mary McLeod was the daughter of formerly enslaved people. She graduated from Scotia Seminary (now

Maximilien de Béthune, duke de Sully was a French statesman who, as the trusted minister of King Henry IV, substantially contributed to the rehabilitation of France after the Wars of Religion (1562–98). The son of François de Béthune, Baron de Rosny, he was brought up as a Huguenot and was sent at

Norman Bethune was a Canadian surgeon and political activist. He began his medical career in 1917, serving with Canadian forces in World War I. During the Spanish Civil War he was a surgeon with the loyalist forces, setting up the first mobile blood-transfusion service. After a trip to the Soviet

Louise Blanchard Bethune: …architectural office in partnership with Robert A. Bethune, whom she married in December. The firm of R.A. and L. Bethune designed several hundred buildings in Buffalo and throughout New York state, specializing in schools. They also designed hotels, apartment houses, churches, factories, and banks, many of them in the Romanesque…

Mary McLeod Bethune: …was known from 1929 as Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach. Bethune remained president of the college until 1942 and again from 1946 to 1947. Under her administration the college won full accreditation and grew to an enrollment of more than 1,000.

Fang: …three linguistic groups: (1) the Beti to the north, the main tribes being the Yaunde, or Éwondo, and Bene; (2) the Bulu, including the Bulu proper, Fong, Zaman, and Yelinda; and (3) the Fang in the south, including the Fang proper, Ntumu, and Mvae.

Mongo Beti was a Cameroonian novelist and political essayist. A member of the Beti people, he wrote his books in French. An essential theme of Beti’s early novels, which advocate the removal of all vestiges of colonialism, is the basic conflict of traditional modes of African society with the

Kiribati: People: South Tarawa, including Betio, the port and commercial centre of Tarawa, has an extremely high population density. Most people live in single-story accommodations. The rural population of Kiribati lives in villages dominated by Western-style churches and large open-sided thatched meetinghouses. Houses of Western-style construction are seen on outer…

John Betjeman was a British poet known for his nostalgia for the near past, his exact sense of place, and his precise rendering of social nuance, which made him widely read in England at a time when much of what he wrote about was rapidly vanishing. The poet, in near-Tennysonian rhythms, satirized

John Betjeman was a British poet known for his nostalgia for the near past, his exact sense of place, and his precise rendering of social nuance, which made him widely read in England at a time when much of what he wrote about was rapidly vanishing. The poet, in near-Tennysonian rhythms, satirized

Jan Hus: Leader of Czech reform movement: …1391 Milíč’s pupils founded the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague, where public sermons were preached in Czech (rather than in Latin) in the spirit of Milíc̆’s teaching. From 1402 Hus was in charge of the chapel, which had become the centre of the growing national reform movement in Bohemia. He became…

Tripura Hills: …length, have the highest peak, Betling Sib (3,280 feet [1,000 metres]).

Lamiaceae: Major genera and species: Betony (Stachys officinalis) was once regarded as a cure-all, and other plants of the genus Stachys, or the woundworts generally, had supposed value as folk remedies. Self-heal, or heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), provided another important source of herbal medicine. The 40 to 50 species of the…

Lamiaceae: Major genera and species: Betony (Stachys officinalis) was once regarded as a cure-all, and other plants of the genus Stachys, or the woundworts generally, had supposed value as folk remedies. Self-heal, or heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), provided another important source of herbal medicine. The 40 to 50 species of the…

Betpaqdala, desert in eastern Kazakhstan, situated west of Lake Balqash. It has an area of about 29,000 square miles (75,000 square km) and an average elevation of 1,000–1,150 feet (300–350 m). The desert is generally flat or gently undulating but is more hilly in the east. It receives a total

Betpaqdala, desert in eastern Kazakhstan, situated west of Lake Balqash. It has an area of about 29,000 square miles (75,000 square km) and an average elevation of 1,000–1,150 feet (300–350 m). The desert is generally flat or gently undulating but is more hilly in the east. It receives a total

Franz Kafka: Works of Franz Kafka: …Struggle (begun about 1904) and Meditation, though their style is more concretely imaged and their structure more incoherent than that of the later works, are already original in a characteristic way. The characters in these works fail to establish communication with others, they follow a hidden logic that flouts normal…

Alexander Braun: …of plant structure expounded in Betrachtungen über die Erscheinung der Verjüngung in der Natur . . . (1851; “Observations on the Appearance of Rejuvenation in Nature . . .”). While he argued against the inductive reasoning characteristic of empirical research, his work encouraged the systematic study of plant morphology; his…

Sam Spiegel: …version of Harold Pinter’s play Betrayal (1983).

Tom Hiddleston: …Broadway debut in 2019 with Betrayal, for which he earned a Tony Award nomination for best actor. He began a long-term relationship with his Betrayal costar Zawe Ashton, with whom he has a child.

Lewis Milestone: Early work: In 1929 Milestone directed Betrayal, a drama featuring Emil Jannings and Gary Cooper, and New York Nights, which was Norma Talmadge’s sound debut.

Costa-Gavras: Other successful films include Betrayed (1988), concerning the rise of a white supremacist group in America’s heartland; and Music Box (1989), on the prosecution of a Nazi war criminal in the United States.

Betrayed by Rita Hayworth, first novel by Manuel Puig, published as La traición de Rita Hayworth in 1968. This semiautobiographical novel is largely plotless. It examines the psychosocial influence of motion pictures on an ordinary town in the Pampas of Argentina. It makes use of shifting

Paul Rabaut: At age 16 Rabaut met Jean Bétrine, an itinerant preacher of the French Reformed Church, who was highly unpopular with the Roman Catholic government. It was Bétrine who influenced Rabaut to study theology. Rabaut’s consequent theological training, which led to his certification as a preacher in 1738, was augmented by…

Max Kretzer: …of the day: prostitution in Die Betrogenen (1882; “The Deceived”); the fate of the urban workers in Die Verkommenen (1883; “The Depraved”); and the destruction of the small independent artisan by rapid industrialization in Meister Timpe (1888; “Master Timpe”), considered his best novel.

betrothal, promise that a marriage will take place. In societies in which premarital sexual relations are condoned or in which consensual union is common, betrothal may be unimportant. In other societies, however, betrothal is a formal part of the marriage process. In such cases a change of

Sergey Prokofiev: Soviet period of Sergey Prokofiev: …the brilliantly modernized opéra bouffe Betrothal in a Monastery (composed in 1940, produced in 1946) was the play The Duenna, by the 18th-century British dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Testing his powers in other genres, he composed the monumental Cantata for the 20th Anniversary of the October Revolution (1937), on texts…

ring: …custom of betrothal rings, or engagement rings, symbolizing a promise of marriage to a member of the opposite sex.

I promessi sposi, novel by Alessandro Manzoni, published in three volumes in 1825–26; the complete edition was issued in 1827. It was initially translated into English as The Betrothed Lovers, but it was more commonly translated as simply The Betrothed. Set in early 17th-century Lombardy during the

I promessi sposi, novel by Alessandro Manzoni, published in three volumes in 1825–26; the complete edition was issued in 1827. It was initially translated into English as The Betrothed Lovers, but it was more commonly translated as simply The Betrothed. Set in early 17th-century Lombardy during the

Johnnetta Cole is an anthropologist and educator who was the first African American woman president of Spelman College (1987–97). Among Cole’s early influences in education were her mother, who taught college English, pioneering educator Mary MacLeod Bethune, and writer Arna Bontemps, who was the

Ntozake Shange: …and their mother; the semiautobiographical Betsey Brown (1985); and Liliane: Resurrection of the Daughter (1994), a coming-of-age story about a wealthy Black woman in the American South. In addition, Shange wrote a number of children’s books, including Whitewash (1997), Daddy Says (2003), and Ellington Was Not a Street (2004).

avahi: The Betsiboka avahi (A. occidentalis) has a light facial mask and broad dark rings around the eyes, whereas the recently described Sambirano avahi (A. unicolor) lacks these facial markings. An additional species from the Bemaraha district was described scientifically only in 2005 and was named A.…

Betsileo, a Malagasy people living in the central highlands of south-central Madagascar. They speak a dialect of Malagasy, the West Austronesian language that is common to all Malagasy peoples. River valleys inhabited and farmed by Betsileo are separated from one another by dense montane forest.

Betsimisaraka, a Malagasy people living along the east-central and northeastern coast of Madagascar. The Betsimisaraka speak a dialect of Malagasy, the West Austronesian language that is common to all Malagasy peoples. The Betsimisaraka (“Inseparable Multitude”) live along the narrow eastern

Madagascar: Political evolution from 1650 to 1810: The Betsimisaraka confederation, a quasi-state concurrent with the late Sakalava empire, was a brief but successful attempt in the 18th century to unite the coastal peoples of Madagascar’s eastern littoral. Ruled by Ratsimilaho, son of an English pirate and a Malagasy princess, the viable confederation extended…

bess beetle, (family Passalidae), any of approximately 500 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) mostly found in the tropics, with a few species found in North America. They are characterized by their large size, ranging between 30 and 40 mm (1.2 and 1.6 inches) in length. Because of their

flag of the United States of America: …known as the “Betsy Ross flag,” although the widely circulated story that she made the first Stars and Stripes and came up with the ring pattern is unsubstantiated. Rows of stars (4-5-4 or 3-2-3-2-3) were common, but many other variations also existed. The new Stars and Stripes formed part of…

Brat Pack: Brat Pack films: ) Betsy’s Wedding (1990), a romantic comedy featuring Ringwald and Sheedy, is considered to be the last film in the Brat Pack genre.

Tommy Lee Jones: He made big-screen appearances in The Betsy (1978), an adaptation of novelist Harold Robbins’s pulpy auto industry melodrama in which he played a race-car driver; Eyes of Laura Mars (1978), a thriller about a fashion photographer who experiences prescient visions of murder in which he featured as the killer; and…

Martin Mosebach: …homecoming in his first novel, Das Bett (1983), the story of a man who returns to Frankfurt and reverts to a childlike state. The book investigates themes of mining the past for core values applicable to the present, establishing one of the prevailing threads in Mosebach’s writings. Frankfurt became a…

Siamese fighting fish, (Betta splendens), freshwater tropical fish of the family Osphronemidae (order Perciformes), noted for the pugnacity of the males toward one another. The Siamese fighting fish, a native of Thailand, was domesticated there for use in contests. Combat consists mainly of fin

Thomas Keneally: (1993), Homebush Boy (1995), Bettany’s Book (2000), The Tyrant’s Novel (2003), The Widow and Her Hero (2007), The Daughters of Mars (2012), and Crimes of the Father (2017). The Dickens Boy (2020) is a fictionalized account of English novelist Charles Dickens’s youngest son,

Jennifer Connelly: … (played by her real-life husband, Paul Bettany) in Creation (2009) and the wife of the biblical figure Noah (Crowe) in Aronofsky’s epic Noah (2014).

Kim Carnes: …the year (1982), for “Bette Davis Eyes,” and best album of original score written for a motion picture or a television special (1983), for Flashdance: Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture.

Luxembourg: Independent Luxembourg: DP leader Xavier Bettel was sworn in as prime minister in December 2013.

Bruno Bettelheim was an Austrian-born American psychologist known for his work in treating and educating emotionally disturbed children. Bettelheim worked in his family’s lumber business in Vienna, but after the Nazi takeover of Austria in 1938 he was placed in German concentration camps at Dachau

Liliane Bettencourt was a French business executive and heiress to the L’Oréal cosmetics fortune. Liliane’s mother, a pianist, died when Liliane was five years old. Her father, Eugène Schueller, was a chemist who in 1907 invented and began selling a line of synthetic hair dyes. The company was

Steven Pinker: …peaceful in human history in The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (2011), and he noted other positive developments of the early 21st century in Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress (2018). In The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing…

Better Business Bureau, any of several American and Canadian organizations formed to protect consumers against unfair, misleading, or fraudulent advertising and selling practices. Founded in 1912, the Council of Better Business Bureaus, the umbrella organization for the Better Business Bureau (BBB)

Breaking Bad: Accolades and impact: …Pinkman, and the prequel series Better Call Saul (2015–22), featuring fan favorite Saul Goodman.

Donald Trump: Health care: …the ACA, initially called the Better Care Reconciliation Act (BCRA). Like the AHCA, the BCRA, in numerous versions under various names, would have decreased the deficit but significantly increased the number of uninsured, and it would have increased insurance premiums in the first year after its passage, according to analyses…

John Osborne: …first installment of Osborne’s autobiography, A Better Class of Person (1981), much of the fire in Look Back in Anger was drawn from Osborne’s own early experience. In it he attacks the mediocrity of lower-middle-class English life personified by his mother, whom he hated, and discusses his volatile temperament. The…

Noël Coward: …of his previously unpublished plays, The Better Half, last performed in 1922 and thought to have been lost, was rediscovered in 2007. That same year a collection of his letters was published as The Letters of Noël Coward.

history of publishing: Women’s magazines in the United States: …world, but more typical was Better Homes and Gardens (founded 1922), which gave fresh impetus to the trend toward “service” by helping both men and women in the running of their homes. In this area, of course, advertising pressure can be considerable—e.g., for editorial support of a new product—but editors…