belote, trick-and-meld card game derived from klaberjass about 1920 and now the most popular card game in France. The original game was for two players, and there are versions for three players, but the most popular form now is the four-player partnership game, also known as belote coinchée or just

Bernardo Bellotto was a vedute (“view”) painter of the Venetian school known for his carefully drawn topographical paintings of central Italian and eastern European cities. Bellotto studied under his uncle, Canaletto, and was himself known by that name when painting outside Italy. Bellotto’s urban

tactical weapons system: Air-to-surface systems: The French Belouga system is a cluster of small grenades encased in a bomb that is released over the target area—such as a group of tanks—where it then ejects the grenades. They descend by parachute and, if they hit on or near a tank, they detonate on…

Vladimir Vladimirovich Belousov was a Soviet geologist and geophysicist who in 1942 advanced the theory that the Earth’s material has gradually differentiated according to its density to produce the present internal structure of the Earth and that this gradual movement is the basic cause of

Oleg Protopopov and Lyudmila Belousova: Protopopov and Belousova began skating at age 15 and 16, respectively, rather late for serious skaters. They met in 1954 (when he had completed his service in the Soviet navy), began to skate together, and married in 1957. They entered their first world championships in 1958, in…

Oleg Protopopov and Lyudmila Belousova: Protopopov and Belousova began skating at age 15 and 16, respectively, rather late for serious skaters. They met in 1954 (when he had completed his service in the Soviet navy), began to skate together, and married in 1957. They entered their first world championships in 1958, in…

Catherine Deneuve: …Demy-inspired musical Les Bien-Aimés (2011; Beloved) and 3 Coeurs (2014; 3 Hearts). Deneuve’s older sister, Françoise Dorléac, was also a successful actress. The sisters appeared together in one film, Demy’s Les Demoiselles de Rochefort (1967; The Young Girls of Rochefort).

Beloved: Analysis: A film adaptation starring Oprah Winfrey was released in 1998.

Beloved, novel by Toni Morrison, published in 1987 and winner of the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. The work examines the destructive legacy of slavery as it chronicles the life of a Black woman named Sethe, from her pre-Civil War days as a slave in Kentucky to her time in Cincinnati, Ohio, in

biography: Interpretative biography: …her lives of Tchaikovsky, “Beloved Friend” (1937), and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Yankee from Olympus (1944). She molds her sources into a vivid narrative, worked up into dramatic scenes that always have some warranty of documentation—the dialogue, for example, is sometimes devised from the indirect discourse of letter or diary.…

Henry King: Later films: …Is Mine (1959), King made Beloved Infidel (1959), an unsatisfying dramatizion of the love affair between F. Scott Fitzgerald (Peck) and gossip columnist Sheilah Graham (Deborah Kerr). Fitzgerald was no better served in King’s 1962 adaptation of the writer’s novel Tender Is the Night. Producer David O. Selznick

paraphrase: …motet Alma redemptoris mater (Beloved Mother of the Redeemer) by Guillaume Dufay, or in all voice parts through the technique of melodic imitation, as in the Missa pange lingua (mass on the plainsong hymn “Pange lingua” [“Sing, My Tongue”]) by Josquin des Prez.

Thomas Mann: Later novels of Thomas Mann: title, The Beloved Returns). Lotte Kestner, the heroine of Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther, his semi-autobiographical story of unrequited love and romantic despair, visits Weimar in old age to see once again her old lover, now famous, and win some acknowledgment from him. But Goethe…

Lester Horton: …Wilde’s one-act play Salomé; and The Beloved (all 1948), based on a newspaper article about a man who suspected his wife of infidelity and beat her to death with a Bible. The Beloved, co-choreographed with Lewitzky, is widely regarded to be a classic example of modern dance and one of…

Belovezhskaya Forest, forest in western Belarus and eastern Poland. One of the largest surviving areas of primeval mixed forest (pine, beech, oak, alder, and spruce) in Europe, it occupies more than 460 square miles (1,200 square km). The Belovezhskaya Forest is located near the headwaters of the

Belovezhskaya Forest, forest in western Belarus and eastern Poland. One of the largest surviving areas of primeval mixed forest (pine, beech, oak, alder, and spruce) in Europe, it occupies more than 460 square miles (1,200 square km). The Belovezhskaya Forest is located near the headwaters of the

Belovezhskaya Forest, forest in western Belarus and eastern Poland. One of the largest surviving areas of primeval mixed forest (pine, beech, oak, alder, and spruce) in Europe, it occupies more than 460 square miles (1,200 square km). The Belovezhskaya Forest is located near the headwaters of the

Belovo, city, western Kemerovo oblast (region), southwest-central Siberia, Russia. It lies on the small Bachat River. Belovo was incorporated in 1930 and developed as an important coal-mining city of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin. A large zinc works, built in 1931, uses concentrated ore from eastern

Battle of Caporetto: Clashes on the Isonzo: …the Fourteenth German Army under Otto von Below, with Krafft as chief of staff and guiding light. These troops were to penetrate the mountain barrier of the Julian Alps at the northeastern corner of the Venetian salient on a line running from the Rombon-Bovec region southeastward past Tolmino, with Caporetto…

Russia: Lakes: …these reach considerable size, notably Beloye (White) Lake and Lakes Top, Vyg, and Ilmen, each occupying more than 400 square miles (1,000 square km) in the European northwest, and Lake Chany (770 square miles [1,990 square km]) in southwestern Siberia.

White Sea, an almost landlocked extension of the Arctic Ocean indenting the shores of northwestern Russia. It is connected to the more northerly Barents Sea by a long, narrow strait known as the Gorlo (“Throat”). The boundary between the two seas runs along a line joining Cape Kanin Nos and Cape

Belper, town (parish), Amber Valley district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, central England. It lies on the east bank of the River Derwent. Belper is probably a corruption of Beaurepair, the name given to his hunting seat (and variously spelled) by Edmund Crouchback, earl of

Berosus was a Chaldean priest of Bel in Babylon who wrote a work in three books (in Greek) on the history and culture of Babylonia dedicated to Antiochus I (c. 324–261 bc). It was widely used by later Greek compilers, whose versions in turn were quoted by religious historians such as Eusebius of

Bergen-Belsen, Nazi German concentration camp near the villages of Bergen and Belsen, about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Celle, Germany. It was established in 1943 on part of the site of a prisoner-of-war camp and was originally intended as a detention camp for Jews who were to be exchanged for

Josef Kramer was a German commander of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (1944–45), notorious for his cruelty. Joining the Nazi Party on Dec. 1, 1931, Kramer volunteered for the SS the following year. He served at various camps, including Auschwitz, Mauthausen, and Dachau, and commanded Birkenau

Belshazzar was a coregent of Babylon who was killed at the capture of the city by the Persians. Belshazzar had been known only from the biblical Book of Daniel (chapters 5, 7–8) and from Xenophon’s Cyropaedia until 1854, when references to him were found in Babylonian cuneiform inscriptions. Though

Somogy: …a forested flatland known as Belso Somogy (“Inner Somogy”).

girdle: …of dress than the term belt, although strictly speaking this is not a point of distinction between them.

beard worm: Form and function: …pair of parallel ridges called belts; these have rows of small platelets containing minute teeth. One part of the metasome, in front of the belts, has a groove bordered by low folds.

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Chinese-led massive infrastructure investment project aimed at improving connectivity, trade, and communication across Eurasia, Latin America, and Africa. Among the infrastructure projects it has supported are airports, ports, power plants, bridges, railways, roads,

high-pressure phenomena: Large-volume apparatuses: The belt apparatus, invented in 1954 by the scientist Tracy Hall of the General Electric Company for use in the company’s diamond-making program, incorporates features of both opposed-anvil and piston-cylinder designs. Two highly tapered pistonlike anvils compress a sample that is confined in a torus, much…

North America: 1.6 to 1.3 billion years ago: The Belt Basin, centred in Idaho and western Montana, contains large base-metal ore bodies embedded in sediments up to 12 miles (19 km) thick. It originated as an enclosed basin floored by highly stretched continental crust or trapped oceanic crust, which is analogous to the structure…

jewelry: Western European: …Gothic style is a silver belt buckle from Sweden (Historical Museum, Stockholm). Modeled in high relief on the buckle plate is a gentleman on horseback approaching a lady followed by his servant. The three-lobed buckle ring is modeled in a complex design that includes a seated person and a man…

conveyor: Belt conveyors of fabric, rubber, plastic, leather, or metal are driven by a power-operated roll mounted underneath or at one end of the conveyor. The belt forms a continuous loop and is supported either on rollers, for heavy loads, or on a metal slider pan…

belt drive, in machinery, a pair of pulleys attached to usually parallel shafts and connected by an encircling flexible belt (band) that can serve to transmit and modify rotary motion from one shaft to the other. Most belt drives consist of flat leather, rubber, or fabric belts running on

food preservation: Industrial freezers: …freezers, including air-blast tunnel freezers, belt freezers, fluidized-bed freezers, plate freezers, and cryogenic freezers.

jewelry: Chinese: …is better represented by the belt hooks (said to have been adopted from the nomads of inner Asia) that were probably worn by both men and women. They were mostly made of bronze, with fine cast ornaments usually of abstracted dragon and bird heads. These belt hooks were inlaid with…

sander: …sanders: the disk sander, the belt sander, and the orbital sander. In the disk sander an abrasive disk is attached to a shaft that is driven by bevel gears to rotate about an axis at right angles to the motor shaft. The belt sander has endless cloth or paper belts…

Belt Series, major division of late Precambrian rocks in North America (the Precambrian lasted from 3.8 billion to 540 million years ago). The series was named for prominent exposures in the Belt Range in southwestern Montana. The thickness of Beltian rocks, which extend northward into Canada,

wrestling: …of wrestling contest are the belt-and-jacket, catch-hold, and loose styles, all of which appear to have originated in antiquity. Belt-and-jacket styles of wrestling are those in which the clothing of the wrestlers provides the principal means of taking a grip on the opponent. In many cases this is no more…

Beltane, festival held on the first day of May in Ireland and Scotland, celebrating the beginning of summer and open pasturing. Beltane is first mentioned in a glossary attributed to Cormac, bishop of Cashel and king of Munster, who was killed in 908. Cormac describes how cattle were driven between

Beltane, festival held on the first day of May in Ireland and Scotland, celebrating the beginning of summer and open pasturing. Beltane is first mentioned in a glossary attributed to Cormac, bishop of Cashel and king of Munster, who was killed in 908. Cormac describes how cattle were driven between

bannock: …and religious feasts, such as Beltane bannocks on the first of May and Lammas bannocks on the first day of autumn. Stirring the batter for bannocks counterclockwise was popularly thought to bring bad luck.

kingfisher: …are river dwellers, like the belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon), the only widespread North American species. This handsome crested bird flies off over the water when disturbed, uttering a loud rattling call. It is about 30 cm (12 inches) long and is bluish gray above and across the breast and white…

sea bass: Certain species, such as the belted sandfish (Serranellus subligarius) of Florida, are hermaphroditic (male and female reproductive organs in one animal). Others, such as the groupers, may mature as one sex and later change to the other.

tire: Pneumatic tire structures: In a bias-ply belted tire, another set of cords overlies the bias-laid ones. This extra set of cords, called a belt, is typically made of fibreglass. A radial-ply belted tire also has a belt running around the entire tire, but the cords are typically made of steel wire-mesh,…

John Henry Belter was a cabinetmaker and designer known for his superb Victorian Rococo pieces. Belter served as a cabinetmaker’s apprentice in Württemberg (now in Germany), where he was trained in the Black Forest tradition of rich carving so admired during the 19th century. Settling in New York

John Henry Belter was a cabinetmaker and designer known for his superb Victorian Rococo pieces. Belter served as a cabinetmaker’s apprentice in Württemberg (now in Germany), where he was trained in the Black Forest tradition of rich carving so admired during the 19th century. Settling in New York

Beltian Geosyncline, a linear trough in the Earth’s crust in which rocks of Precambrian age (about 4 billion to 542 million years ago) were deposited in the Northern Rocky Mountain region. The rocks consist of limestones, shales, and sandstones and attain total thicknesses as great as 10,600 metres

Beltane, festival held on the first day of May in Ireland and Scotland, celebrating the beginning of summer and open pasturing. Beltane is first mentioned in a glossary attributed to Cormac, bishop of Cashel and king of Munster, who was killed in 908. Cormac describes how cattle were driven between

Khakass: The Beltir (meaning “river-mouth people”), famed as trappers and as smiths, have also become farmers and stockbreeders. The Koybal, not a tribe in the ethnographic sense but a territorial group, have retained their Kacha language but assumed the Russian peasant way of life. In the late…

Mamie (“Peanut”) Johnson was an American baseball player known for being the only woman to pitch in the Negro leagues. Mamie Belton’s parents separated when she was young, and she initially lived with her grandmother. Although she remained in touch with her father, it was her mother’s family who

Chiron: …American astronomers Karen Meech and Michael Belton detected a fuzzy luminous cloud around Chiron. Such a cloud, termed a coma, is a distinguishing feature of comets and consists of gases and entrained dust escaping from the cometary nucleus when sunlight causes its ices to sublimate. Given Chiron’s large distance from…

Wolfgang Beltracchi is a German art forger notorious for tricking the international art world into buying highly convincing paintings he created in the style of Expressionist, Surrealist, and Cubist artists such as Max Ernst, Max Pechstein, Georges Braque, Heinrich Campendonk, Johannes Molzahn,

Eugenio Beltrami was an Italian mathematician known for his description of non-Euclidean geometry and for his theories of surfaces of constant curvature. Following his studies at the University of Pavia (1853–56) and later in Milan, Beltrami was invited to join the faculty at the University of

Comunero Rebellion: …Spanish government, insurgents led by Manuela Beltrán in Socorro, Colombia, sparked a revolt that soon spread to neighbouring towns north of Bogotá. The rebels, in addition to demanding the cancellation of taxes, urged such wide-ranging reforms as protection of Indian lands and an increase in the number of Creoles appointed…

Pedro Gerado Beltrán was a Peruvian economist, diplomat, and publisher whose brief term as prime minister and minister of finance (1959–61) stabilized the Peruvian economy. A graduate of the London School of Economics (1918), Beltrán was the longtime owner (1934–74) and publisher of the influential

Spain: Castile and León, 1252–1479: …the legitimacy of the infanta Joan, who they declared was the child of the queen and of the king’s most recent favourite, Beltrán de la Cueva. Because of that account, the young girl was derided as “La Beltraneja.” Henry IV repudiated her and recognized his sister Isabella as heir to…

Bălți, city, northern Moldova, on the Râut (Reut) River. It dates to the 15th century. Bălți is a major railway junction and the centre of the rich agricultural Bălți Steppe. Most industries are concerned with processing farm produce, notably flour milling, sugar refining, and wine making, but

Bălți, city, northern Moldova, on the Râut (Reut) River. It dates to the 15th century. Bălți is a major railway junction and the centre of the rich agricultural Bălți Steppe. Most industries are concerned with processing farm produce, notably flour milling, sugar refining, and wine making, but

Beltway sniper attacks, shooting spree in the Washington, D.C., area that killed 10 people and injured 3 over a three-week period in October 2002. The shooters, John Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo, chose targets seemingly at random and brought daily life in the area to a virtual standstill. The

Palau, country in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of some 340 coral and volcanic islands perched on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. The Palau (also spelled Belau or Pelew) archipelago lies in the southwest corner of Micronesia, with Guam 830 miles (1,330 km) to the northeast, New Guinea 400 miles

Baloch, group of tribes speaking the Balochi language and estimated at about five million inhabitants in the province of Balochistān in Pakistan and also neighbouring areas of Iran and Afghanistan. In Pakistan the Baloch people are divided into two groups, the Sulaimani and the Makrani, separated

Mount Belukha, one of the Katun Mountains, a series of snowcapped peaks in Russia. The highest mountain in the Russian portion of the Altai Mountains, Belukha reaches a height of 14,783 feet (4,506 m) in one of its twin peaks. Glaciers cover some 27 square miles (70 square km) of its surface; the

Balochi language, one of the oldest living languages of the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European languages. A West Iranian language, Balochi is spoken by about nine million people as a first or second language in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, India, and Baloch diaspora communities. Balochi is

beluga, (Delphinapterus leucas), a small, toothed whale found mainly in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas but also in rivers and deep offshore waters. It is an extremely vocal cetacean and thus has also been referred to as the “canary of the sea.” This whale can also

hausen, large species of sturgeon

caviar: …which the eggs are taken: beluga, the largest, is black or gray; the smaller osetrova grayish, gray-green, or brown; sevruga, the smallest, is greenish black. The rarest caviar, made from the golden eggs of the sterlet, was formerly reserved for the table of the tsar; more recently it found its…

beluga, (Delphinapterus leucas), a small, toothed whale found mainly in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas but also in rivers and deep offshore waters. It is an extremely vocal cetacean and thus has also been referred to as the “canary of the sea.” This whale can also

Mount Belukha, one of the Katun Mountains, a series of snowcapped peaks in Russia. The highest mountain in the Russian portion of the Altai Mountains, Belukha reaches a height of 14,783 feet (4,506 m) in one of its twin peaks. Glaciers cover some 27 square miles (70 square km) of its surface; the

Mount Belukha, one of the Katun Mountains, a series of snowcapped peaks in Russia. The highest mountain in the Russian portion of the Altai Mountains, Belukha reaches a height of 14,783 feet (4,506 m) in one of its twin peaks. Glaciers cover some 27 square miles (70 square km) of its surface; the

Ramakrishna: …of the mission is in Belur Math, a monastery near Kolkata. The Ramakrishna Order also played an important role in the spread of Hindu ideas and practices in the West, particularly in the United States.

John Belushi was an American comic actor and musician best known as an original cast member of the sketch comedy and variety television series Saturday Night Live (1975–79). He is also known for portraying the hard-partying fraternity member John (“Bluto”) Blutarsky in the college comedy film

John Belushi was an American comic actor and musician best known as an original cast member of the sketch comedy and variety television series Saturday Night Live (1975–79). He is also known for portraying the hard-partying fraternity member John (“Bluto”) Blutarsky in the college comedy film

Budapest: Pest: …heart of Pest is the Belváros (Inner Town), an irregular pentagon with its longest side running parallel to the Danube; only traces of the original town walls remain. The district accommodates offices, parts of the Loránd Eötvös University, and shops. The Váci utca, a narrow street turned pedestrian thoroughfare, is…

Budapest: Pest: The Inner Town Parish Church (Belvárosi plébániatemplom) is the oldest building in Pest. Rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 18th century, as were many other churches in Pest and Buda, the church had been the most impressive of medieval Pest. St. Stephen’s Crown, the symbol…

belvedere, (Italian: “beautiful view”), architectural structure built in an elevated position to provide lighting and ventilation and to command a fine view. Roofed but open on one or more sides, a belvedere may be located in the upper part of a building or may stand as a separate structure. It

Weimar: …Palace (1767), Weimar Castle (1790–1803), Belvedere Castle (1724–32), Tiefurt Castle, and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul (with an altarpiece by Lucas Cranach the Elder and his son), sometimes called the Herder Church for its association with the critic and theologian Johann Gottfried von Herder. Between 1919 and 1925…

Donato Bramante: Roman period of Donato Bramante: …the immense courtyard of the Belvedere, extending the nucleus of the older Vatican palaces to the north and connecting them with the pre-existing villa of Innocent VIII. Many aspects of the complex were conceived on Classical models; for example, the Doric, Ionic, Corinthian arrangement of orders for the three-level lower…

Bassia: Summer cypress, sometimes called Belvedere cypress (Kochia scoparia), is a widely grown annual that was formerly placed in the genus Bassia. One variety, known as firebush or burning bush, is a globe-shaped subshrub with narrow hairy leaves that turn purplish red in autumn; it is…

Belvedere Museum, art museum based in Vienna. It comprises two palaces, the Lower and Upper Belvedere, on the grounds of a building and garden complex that was the onetime summer residence of Eugene of Savoy, and a third site, the Belvedere 21, located a short distance away. The Lower Belvedere and

Vienna: Layout and architecture: Another noble structure is the Belvedere, which is actually two Baroque palaces at either end of a terraced garden. It was built by Hildebrandt for the soldier and statesman Prince Eugene of Savoy. The Lower Belvedere (1714–16) was a summer garden palace, and the Upper (1721–24) was designed as a…

Andrea Mantegna: Years as court painter in Mantua: …his private chapel in the Belvedere Palace in Rome (destroyed 1780), which Mantegna carried out in 1488–90.

Belvedere Torso, Hellenistic sculpture fragment of a male nude (5 feet 2 58 inches [1.59 m] high) in the Vatican Museum; the work is signed by the Athenian sculptor Apollonius the son of Nestor and was long thought to be a 1st-century-bc original. It is now believed that Apollonius copied a

Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495–1520): …to the church and the Belvedere villa of Innocent VIII on the hill above the palace. Bramante gave the new court a neo-antique flavour recalling the imperial palaces on the hills of Rome and the hippodromus on the Palatine. Terraced up the hillside on three levels joined by monumental stairs,…

Belvidere, city, seat (1837) of Boone county, northern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Kishwaukee River, about 75 miles (120 km) northwest of downtown Chicago. The area was settled in 1835 and was originally named Elysian Fields. The city was founded in 1836 and renamed Belvidere (Latin: “Beautiful

obesity: Treatment of obesity: Two of them are Belviq (lorcaserin hydrochloride) and Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate). Belviq decreases obese individuals’ cravings for carbohydrate-rich foods by stimulating the release of serotonin, which normally is triggered by carbohydrate intake. Qsymia leverages the weight-loss side effects of topiramate, an

Bely Gorod, fortress and settlement comprising the third defense belt around Moscow, which joined the Kremlin and Kitay-gorod on the left bank of the Moskva River. Built between 1585 and 1593 of stone walls, the fortifications of Bely Gorod were important in providing defense for the Moscow

Andrey Bely was a leading theorist and poet of Russian Symbolism, a literary school deriving from the Modernist movement in western European art and literature and an indigenous Eastern Orthodox spirituality, expressing mystical and abstract ideals through allegories from life and nature. Reared in

Pavel Belyayev was a cosmonaut who served as the commander of the Voskhod 2 spacecraft during the Soviet Union’s eighth crewed space mission, launched March 18, 1965. This was the flight on which Aleksei Leonov, Belyayev’s copilot, became the first astronaut to walk in space. Belyayev began

Pavel Belyayev was a cosmonaut who served as the commander of the Voskhod 2 spacecraft during the Soviet Union’s eighth crewed space mission, launched March 18, 1965. This was the flight on which Aleksei Leonov, Belyayev’s copilot, became the first astronaut to walk in space. Belyayev began

Bely Gorod, fortress and settlement comprising the third defense belt around Moscow, which joined the Kremlin and Kitay-gorod on the left bank of the Moskva River. Built between 1585 and 1593 of stone walls, the fortifications of Bely Gorod were important in providing defense for the Moscow

Belzec, Nazi German complex of concentration camps and an extermination camp in and near the village of Bełżec along the Lublin-Lviv railway line in the Lublin province of German-occupied Poland. At the extermination camp—one of the most gruesome sites of the Holocaust—the Nazis killed at least

Belzec: …and near the village of Bełżec along the Lublin-Lviv railway line in the Lublin province of German-occupied Poland. At the extermination camp—one of the most gruesome sites of the Holocaust—the Nazis killed at least 600,000 Jews.

Belzec, Nazi German complex of concentration camps and an extermination camp in and near the village of Bełżec along the Lublin-Lviv railway line in the Lublin province of German-occupied Poland. At the extermination camp—one of the most gruesome sites of the Holocaust—the Nazis killed at least

Giovanni Battista Belzoni was an excavator of Egyptian archaeological sites. Originally planning to join a religious order, Belzoni went to England in 1803 where he turned his powerful six-foot seven-inch physique to earning a living as a circus strong man. He also exhibited models of hydraulic

Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), test used to measure an individual’s femininity and masculinity. The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is one of the most widely used tools in research on gender roles. In 1974 American psychologist Sandra L. Bem, a proponent of androgyny theory, recognized that an

Józef Zachariasz Bem was a Polish army general whose military feats in Transylvania and the region of Banat made him a hero of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49. He was the author of treatises on artillery, mathematics, and history. Educated at the Warsaw Military School, he distinguished himself

Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Construction of the BSRI: In 1974 American psychologist Sandra L. Bem, a proponent of androgyny theory, recognized that an individual could express both feminine and masculine characteristics and constructed a sex-role inventory. Bem intended her inventory to represent two fully independent scales of culturally defined masculinity and culturally defined femininity.

ceremonial object: Sacred furniture and related objects: …the 3rd century ce), the Bēma Feast was centred on the exaltation of a reconstructed pulpit (bema), which symbolically represented the rostrum from which Mani spread his teachings. Another important element of sacred furniture is the lectern, on which is placed one or more sacred books (from which one of…