extremophile: …below 0 °C [32 °F]); piezophilic, or barophilic (optimal growth at high hydrostatic pressure); oligotrophic (growth in nutritionally limited environments); endolithic (growth within rock or within pores of mineral grains); and xerophilic (growth in dry conditions, with low water availability). Some extremophiles are adapted simultaneously to multiple stresses (polyextremophile); common…

Baroque architecture, architectural style originating in late 16th-century Italy and lasting in some regions, notably Germany and colonial South America, until the 18th century. It had its origins in the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic Church launched an overtly emotional and sensory appeal

Baroque art and architecture, the visual arts and building design and construction produced during the era in the history of Western art that roughly coincides with the 17th century. The earliest manifestations, which occurred in Italy, date from the latter decades of the 16th century, while in

Baroque music, a style of music that prevailed during the period from about 1600 to about 1750, known for its grandiose, dramatic, and energetic spirit but also for its stylistic diversity. One of the most dramatic turning points in the history of music occurred at the beginning of the 17th

Latin American literature: The Barroco de Indias: In poetry, the Barroco de Indias begins with a gleeful acceptance of the manner originated by Luis de Góngora y Argote, the great Spanish Baroque poet, who had brought about a veritable revolution in poetic language. Góngora’s poetry is difficult, laden with…

baroque pearl, pearl that is irregularly or oddly shaped. Pearl formation does not always occur in soft-tissue areas, where the expanding pearl sac grows regularly because it encounters no appreciable resistance. Pearl cysts are sometimes lodged in muscular tissue, for example, where, unable to

Baroque art and architecture, the visual arts and building design and construction produced during the era in the history of Western art that roughly coincides with the 17th century. The earliest manifestations, which occurred in Italy, date from the latter decades of the 16th century, while in

pitch: …new, or Baroque, pitch, called Kammerton (“chamber pitch”) in Germany, was one tone below the old Renaissance woodwind pitch, or Chorton (“choir pitch”).

Yves Congar: Theology: …he and Chenu termed “baroque theology.” This theology, which had dominated Catholic ecclesiology since the Protestant Reformation, limited theology to a deductive logical exercise, emphasized submission to authority, and conceived the church in strictly juridical and hierarchical terms. In response, Congar aspired to develop an ecclesiology that would help…

shock: Pressure receptors, or baroreceptors, in the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries trigger physiological reflexes to protect the central circulation, increasing heart rate to boost cardiac output and constricting small blood vessels to direct blood flow to essential organs. If the blood losses continue, even these mechanisms…

Bainbridge reflex: Special pressure sensors called baroreceptors (or venoatrial stretch receptors) located in the right atrium of the heart detect increases in the volume and pressure of blood returned to the heart. These receptors transmit information along the vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) to the central nervous system. This response results…

human nervous system: Reflex pathways: …trigger what is called the baroreceptor reflex, which causes a decrease in the discharge of sympathetic vasomotor and cardiac outflows whenever an increase in blood pressure occurs. In addition, the baroreceptor reflex causes stimulation of vagal cardioinhibitory neurons, which produces a decrease in heart rate, a decrease in cardiac contractility,…

sinus squeeze, pain, inflammation, and possible bleeding of the membranes lining the sinus cavities in the head, caused by a difference between the pressure inside the sinuses and that outside. Sinus squeeze is a common malady of persons flying in unpressurized aircraft and of divers. The sinuses,

Barossa Valley, important wine-producing region of South Australia, located 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Adelaide in the Mount Lofty Ranges. The valley, drained by the North Para River, is about 19 miles (30 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide. It was named in 1837 by its surveyor for a battle fought

ear squeeze, effects of a difference in pressure between the internal ear spaces and the external ear canal. These effects may include severe pain, inflammation, bleeding, and rupture of the eardrum membrane. Underwater divers and airplane pilots are sometimes affected. The middle ear, the cavity

barotrauma, any of several injuries arising from changes in pressure upon the body. Humans are adapted to live at an atmospheric pressure of 760 mm of mercury (the pressure at sea level), which differs from pressures experienced in underwater environments and in the upper atmospheres of space. Most

ocean current: Pressure gradients: …is referred to as the barotropic field of mass. The unchanged pressure gradient gives rise to a current speed independent of depth. The oceans of the world, however, are not homogeneous. Horizontal variations in temperature and salinity cause the horizontal pressure gradient to vary with depth. This is the baroclinic…

climate: Propagation and development of waves: …amplify through a process called barotropic instability. Barotropic instability, however, requires horizontal shear, not vertical shear; kinetic energy for the waves comes from the mean kinetic energy associated with the westerly wind current. The waves grow in amplitude at the expense of the mean flow. Barotropic instability can occur when…

Lozi, a complex of about 25 peoples of about 6 cultural groups inhabiting western Zambia, the area formerly known as Barotseland in Zambia and speaking Benue-Congo languages of the Niger-Congo family. Formerly, the groups were all called Barotse as subjects of the paramount chief of the dominant

Zambezi River: Physiography: …largest of which is the Barotse, or Zambezi, Plain. The region is inundated during the summer floods, when it receives fertile alluvial soils. The main tributaries intersecting the river along the plains are the Kabompo River from the east and the larger Lungué-Bungo (Lungwebungo) River from the west.

calash, (from Czech kolesa: “wheels”), any of various open carriages, with facing passenger seats and an elevated coachman’s seat joined to the front of the shallow body, which somewhat resembled a small boat. A characteristic falling hood over the rear seat gave the name calash to any folding

Hindu Kush: Physiography: …the passes of Karambar and Baroghil (Barowghīl; 12,480 feet [3,804 metres]), the eastern Hindu Kush is not very high and has mountains that often take the form of rounded domes. Farther to the west the main ridge rises rapidly to Baba Tangi (21,368 feet [6,513 metres]) and becomes rugged, after…

Giacomo da Vignola was an architect who, with Andrea Palladio and Giulio Romano, dominated Italian Mannerist architectural design and stylistically anticipated the Baroque. After studying in Bologna, Vignola went to Rome in the 1530s and made drawings of the antiquities for a projected edition of

Giacomo da Vignola was an architect who, with Andrea Palladio and Giulio Romano, dominated Italian Mannerist architectural design and stylistically anticipated the Baroque. After studying in Bologna, Vignola went to Rome in the 1530s and made drawings of the antiquities for a projected edition of

Giacomo da Vignola was an architect who, with Andrea Palladio and Giulio Romano, dominated Italian Mannerist architectural design and stylistically anticipated the Baroque. After studying in Bologna, Vignola went to Rome in the 1530s and made drawings of the antiquities for a projected edition of

Cyrenaica, historic region of North Africa and until 1963 a province of the United Kingdom of Libya. As early as c. 631 bc Greek colonists settled the northern half of ancient Cyrenaica, known then as Pentapolis for the five major cities they established: Euhesperides (Banghāzī), Barce (al-Marj),

bark, sailing ship of three or more masts, the rear (mizzenmast) being rigged for a fore-and-aft rather than a square sail. Until fore-and-aft rigs were applied to large ships to reduce crew sizes, the term was often used for any small sailing vessel. In poetic use, a bark can be any sailing ship

Jonas Lie: …eller liv nordpå (1872; The Barque “Future,” 1879), followed. Two novels from his Naturalistic period are Livsslaven (1883; “The Life Convict,” Eng. trans.One of Life’s Slaves, 1895), which tells of the social misfortunes of a boy born out of wedlock, and Familien paa Gilje (1883; The Family at Gilje, 1920),…

barkentine, sailing ship of three or more masts having fore-and-aft sails on all but the front mast (foremast), which is square rigged. Because of the reduction of square sails, it required fewer crew members and was popular in the Pacific after its introduction about

Barquisimeto, city, capital of Lara estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. It is situated on a wide terrace of the Turbio River at 1,856 feet (566 metres) above sea level. Barquisimeto is swept by the drying trade winds but has a warm climate (mean average temperature 75 °F [24 °C]). One of

Damanhūr: …14th century the Mamlūk caliph Barqūq restored its fortifications to thwart Bedouin incursions.

sex chromosome: …as a small, dark-staining structure—the Barr body—in the cell nucleus.

Alfred H. Barr, Jr. was an American museum curator who, as the enterprising first director (1929–43) of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, expanded the realm of the traditional art museum to include departments of architecture, education, industrial design, and photography, as well

Alfred H. Barr, Jr. was an American museum curator who, as the enterprising first director (1929–43) of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, expanded the realm of the traditional art museum to include departments of architecture, education, industrial design, and photography, as well

Bob Barr is an American politician and attorney who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1995–2003). He was the Libertarian Party’s nominee for president in 2008. Barr, whose father was a member of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, lived in various cities throughout

Desk Set: Cast: Assorted Referencesdiscussed in

Battle of the Chosin Reservoir: Crossing into North Korea: David G. Barr), and the 3rd Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Robert H. Soule). The corps also had control of the Capital and 3rd divisions of the South Korean I Corps, which was already crossing the 38th parallel on the east coast highway.

Bob Barr is an American politician and attorney who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1995–2003). He was the Libertarian Party’s nominee for president in 2008. Barr, whose father was a member of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, lived in various cities throughout

Roseanne Barr is an American comedian and actress who achieved stardom with the popular and innovative television situation comedy Roseanne (1988–97; 2018). After dropping out of high school in her native Salt Lake City, Utah, Barr lived for a time in an artists’ colony in Colorado before marrying

Roseanne Barr is an American comedian and actress who achieved stardom with the popular and innovative television situation comedy Roseanne (1988–97; 2018). After dropping out of high school in her native Salt Lake City, Utah, Barr lived for a time in an artists’ colony in Colorado before marrying

William Barr is an American lawyer and government official who served as attorney general of the United States during the administrations of Presidents George H.W. Bush (1991–93) and Donald Trump (2019–20). Barr was the second person in U.S. history to serve twice as attorney general (the first was

William Barr is an American lawyer and government official who served as attorney general of the United States during the administrations of Presidents George H.W. Bush (1991–93) and Donald Trump (2019–20). Barr was the second person in U.S. history to serve twice as attorney general (the first was

Barra, Atlantic island of the Outer Hebrides group, Western Isles council area, historic county of Inverness-shire, Scotland, about 5 miles (8 km) southwest of the neighbouring island of South Uist. Formed of gneiss, it is about 10 miles (16 km) long and, with its neighbouring islets, covers about

Manaus, city and river port, capital of Amazonas estado (state), northwestern Brazil. It lies along the north bank of the Negro River, 11 miles (18 km) above that river’s influx into the Amazon River. Manaus is situated in the heart of the Amazon Rainforest, 900 miles (1,450 km) inland from the

Barra Kunda Falls, waterfalls located 300 miles (480 km) upstream from the mouth of the Gambia River, on the northeastern border of The Gambia and Senegal. They are formed by a ledge of rock stretching 200 feet (60 metres) across the river. The river is tidal up to the rapids, which are navigable

Barra Mansa, city, western Rio de Janeiro estado (state), eastern Brazil. It lies along the Paraíba do Sul River, at an elevation of 1,234 feet (376 metres) above sea level, immediately southwest of Volta Redonda. The largest of the city’s varied industries is the Nestlé food and chocolate complex.

pre-Columbian civilizations: Early village life: The Barra (c. 1800–1500 bce), Ocós (1500–1200 bce), and Cuadros (1100–900 bce) phases of the Pacific coasts of Chiapas and Guatemala are good examples of early village cultures. The Barra phase appears to have been transitional from earlier preagricultural phases and may not have been primarily…

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: …Mayflower, 1921), La barraca (1898; The Cabin, 1917), and Cañas y barro (1902; Reeds and Mud, 1966), is marked by a vigorous and intense realism and considerable dramatic force in the depiction of the life of Valencia. Later novels, such as La bodega (1906; The Fruit of the Vine, 1919),…

Federico García Lorca: Later poetry and plays of Federico García Lorca: …a traveling student theatre group, La Barraca (the name of makeshift wooden stalls housing puppet shows and popular fairs in Spain), sponsored by the country’s progressive new Republican government.

Barracco Museum of Antique Sculpture, in Rome, museum devoted to ancient sculpture and comprising the collection formed by Giovanni Barracco (1829–1914). The collection was given to Rome in 1902. There are fine examples of Egyptian, Assyrian, and Phoenician art, including a bust from Roman Egypt of

Barracco Museum of Antique Sculpture, in Rome, museum devoted to ancient sculpture and comprising the collection formed by Giovanni Barracco (1829–1914). The collection was given to Rome in 1902. There are fine examples of Egyptian, Assyrian, and Phoenician art, including a bust from Roman Egypt of

Trinidad: …1686 Jesuits led by Father Cipriano Barrace founded a mission at the present site of the city, naming it Trinidad (“Trinity”) for the Feast of the Most Holy Trinity. During the annual celebration of the feast, residents wear elaborate feather headdresses and masks and partake in traditional dancing, accompanied by…

Florence Nightingale: Nursing in peace and war: …arriving in Scutari at the Barrack Hospital on November 5. Not welcomed by the medical officers, Nightingale found conditions filthy, supplies inadequate, staff uncooperative, and overcrowding severe. Few nurses had access to the cholera wards, and Nightingale, who wanted to gain the confidence of army surgeons by waiting for official…

Barrack-Room Ballads, collected poems by Rudyard Kipling, published in 1892 and subsequently republished in expanded form. Included were such well-known previously published verses as “Danny Deever,” “Gunga Din,” and “Mandalay.” The book was a popular success and made Kipling a power among

Barrackpore, city, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies just east of the Hugli (Hooghly) River and is part of the Kolkata (Calcutta) urban agglomeration, lying 15 miles (24 km) north of Kolkata. The name Barrackpore is probably derived from there having been troops stationed

Barrackpore Mutiny, (Nov. 2, 1824), incident during the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26), generally regarded as a dress rehearsal for the Indian Mutiny of 1857 because of its similar combination of Indian grievances against the British, caste feeling, and the ineptitude of its handling. During the

Barrackpore, city, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies just east of the Hugli (Hooghly) River and is part of the Kolkata (Calcutta) urban agglomeration, lying 15 miles (24 km) north of Kolkata. The name Barrackpore is probably derived from there having been troops stationed

Barrackpore Mutiny, (Nov. 2, 1824), incident during the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26), generally regarded as a dress rehearsal for the Indian Mutiny of 1857 because of its similar combination of Indian grievances against the British, caste feeling, and the ineptitude of its handling. During the

barracks, military housing facility, usually spoken of, or written of, in the plural. Though permanent buildings had occasionally been used to house troops in earlier times, the custom of billeting in private houses, inns, and other existing facilities had taken hold by the 18th century, when such

Tobias Wolff: …PEN/Faulkner Award for the novella The Barracks Thief (1984), which follows the lives of three young paratroopers who are awaiting their orders to be shipped out to Vietnam. Wolff also won three O. Henry Awards (1980, 1981, and 1985). In 2015 he received the National Medal of Arts.

John McGahern: His first published novel, The Barracks (1963), tells of a terminally ill, unhappily married woman. Praised for its brilliant depiction of Irish life and for its sensitive portrayal of despair, the work won several awards. The Dark (1965) is a claustrophobic portrait of an adolescent trapped by predatory male…

submarine: Attack submarines: …era with plans for the Barracuda class, six submarines displacing some 4,000 tons at the surface and carrying land-attack cruise missiles and advanced electronic surveillance equipment as well as the usual torpedoes and antiship Exocets. Construction of the first Barracuda submarine began in 2007.

barracuda, any of about 20 species of predacious fishes of the family Sphyraenidae (order Perciformes). Barracudas are found in all warm and tropical regions; some also range into more temperate areas. Swift and powerful, they are slender in form, with small scales, two well-separated dorsal fins,

barracudina, any of about 50 species of marine fishes of the family Paralepididae, found almost worldwide in deep waters. Barracudinas are long-bodied, slender fishes with large eyes, pointed snouts, and large mouths provided with both small and larger, fanglike teeth. Barracudinas grow to about 60

Luis Barragán was a Mexican engineer and architect whose serene and evocative houses, gardens, plazas, and fountains won him the Pritzker Prize in 1980. Barragán, who was born into a wealthy family, grew up on a ranch near Guadalajara, Mex. He attended the Escuela Libre de Ingenieros (Free School

Marguerite Duras: …Barrage contre le Pacifique (1950; The Sea Wall), her third published novel and first success, dealt semiautobiographically with a poor French family in Indochina. Her next successes, Le Marin de Gibraltar (1952; The Sailor from Gibraltar) and Moderato cantabile (1958), were more lyrical and complex and more given to dialogue.

Isabelle Huppert: Versatility in the 1990s and 2000s: …Barrage contre le Pacifique (2008; The Sea Wall), an adaptation of Marguerite Duras’s novel of the same name. She was at the center of another exploration of colonialism’s effects in White Material (2009), in which she portrayed a French farmer defending her coffee plantation from rebels in an unnamed African…

Daniel-Johnson Dam, dam on the Manicouagan River in Quebec province, Canada, one of the world’s largest multiple-arch buttress dams. An iconic symbol of Québécois ingenuity, the impressive dam supplies water to the nearby Manic-5 and Manic-5-PA power stations to generate hydroelectric power for the

rocket and missile system: Barrage rockets: The Germans began the war with a lead in this category of weapon, and their 150-millimetre and 210-millimetre bombardment rockets were highly effective. These were fired from a variety of towed and vehicle-mounted multitube launchers, from launching rails on the sides of armoured…

Barra, Atlantic island of the Outer Hebrides group, Western Isles council area, historic county of Inverness-shire, Scotland, about 5 miles (8 km) southwest of the neighbouring island of South Uist. Formed of gneiss, it is about 10 miles (16 km) long and, with its neighbouring islets, covers about

Arthur William Upfield: …the colourful Australian landscape, include The Barrakee Mystery (1929), in which Bonaparte first appeared; Murder Down Under (1943); and The Body at Madman’s Bend (1963). Upfield also wrote serious newspaper and magazine articles on Australian topography and history, as well as short stories.

Barra Kunda Falls, waterfalls located 300 miles (480 km) upstream from the mouth of the Gambia River, on the northeastern border of The Gambia and Senegal. They are formed by a ledge of rock stretching 200 feet (60 metres) across the river. The river is tidal up to the rapids, which are navigable

barramundi, (Lates calcarifer), species of fish in the family Latidae (order Perciformes) that is native to tropical northern Australian waters. The barramundi, also called Asian seabass or giant perch, is one of the world’s finest eating and sporting fish. To sample the mouth-watering delights of

clothing and footwear industry: History: It was invented by John Barran of Leeds, the founder of the Leeds clothing industry, who substituted a knife edge for the saw edge of a woodworking machine. The resulting increased cutting productivity motivated the development of spreading machines to spread fabric from long bolts in lays composed of…

Mexico: Physiographic regions: …a series of gorges, or barrancas, the most spectacular of which is the complex known as Copper Canyon (Barranca del Cobre) in southwestern Chihuahua state.

Chihuahua: Copper Canyon (Barranca del Cobre), in the western part of the state, reaches depths of 4,600 feet (1,400 metres) in places. It is larger and more spectacular than the Grand Canyon but is virtually inaccessible, though a railway traverses part of it. Among the other…

Barrancabermeja, city, Santander departamento, north-central Colombia, on the Magdalena River. In 1536 a Spanish conquistador, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quezada, discovered the wooden-stockaded Indian settlement of La Tora. The Spaniards eventually renamed it Barrancas-Bermejas (Reddish Cliffs) after the

Barranco, city in the southern portion of the Lima–Callao metropolitan area, Peru. It lies along the Pacific coast at an elevation of 213 feet (65 m) above sea level. Founded as a village beach resort in 1874, it became a town in 1893 and a city in 1901. In 1881, during the War of the Pacific, it

Joachim Barrande was a geologist and paleontologist whose studies of the fossil strata of Bohemia revealed the abundance and rich variety of life in the Early Paleozoic era (the Paleozoic lasted from 540 million to 245 million years ago). The tutor of the grandson of Charles X, the king of France,

Barranquilla, capital of Atlántico departamento, northwestern Colombia. It is situated in the Caribbean lowlands, 15 miles (24 km) upstream from the mouth of the Magdalena River, and is Colombia’s largest port along the Caribbean Sea. Founded in 1629, it remained unimportant until the construction

Jean Barraqué was a French composer. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire with Jean Langlais (1907–91) and Olivier Messiaen. His major work, employing a radically nonrepetitive style, was a planned five-part reflection on Hermann Broch’s novel The Death of Virgil, of which he completed three

Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, vicomte de Barras was one of the most powerful members of the Directory during the French Revolution. A Provençal nobleman, Barras volunteered as gentleman cadet in the regiment of Languedoc at the age of 16 and from 1776 to 1783 served in India. A period of unemployment

John Barrasso is an American politician who was appointed as a Republican to the U.S. Senate from Wyoming in 2007 and won a special election to that body the following year. Barrasso attended Georgetown University, from which he earned a Bachelor of Science degree (1974) and a doctorate in medicine

Jean-Louis Barrault was a French actor, director, and producer whose work with both avant-garde and classic plays helped revive French theatre after World War II. Barrault, a student of Charles Dullin, first appeared on the stage as a servant in Dullin’s production of Volpone (1931). Barrault also

Benin: Relief: …the coastal region extends the barre country—the word being a French adaptation of the Portuguese word barro (“clay”). A fertile plateau, the barre region contains the Lama Marsh, a vast swampy area stretching from Abomey to Allada. The landscape is generally flat, although occasional hills occur, rising to about 1,300…

barre, in ballet, the horizontal handrail, usually wooden, that is fixed to the walls of a ballet studio approximately 3.5 feet (1 m) from the floor. It is used by dancers as an aid to confidence and as a point of support during the preliminary exercises (“barre work”) that have been an essential

Barre, city, Washington county, central Vermont, U.S. It lies just southeast of Montpelier, the state capital. The area, settled about 1788, was organized as a town (township) in 1793 under the name of Wildersburgh but was soon renamed for Barre, Massachusetts. The city was set off and incorporated

Écrins National Park: …encompasses the Alpine peaks of Barre des Écrins (13,457 feet [4,102 m]), La Meije (13,067 feet [3,983 m]), Ailefroide, and Pelvoux, as well as numerous lakes, cirques, and gorges. Forests of larch cover the park. Rarer plants include lady’s slipper orchids, orange lilies, and martagon lilies. Mountain hares and foxes,…

Sons of Liberty: …in the British Parliament by Isaac Barré (February 1765), in which he referred to the colonials who had opposed unjust British measures as the “sons of liberty.”

Guillain-Barré syndrome: Historical developments: French neurologists Georges Guillain, Jean-Alexandre Barré, and André Strohl found that patients with symptoms of a condition resembling Landry paralysis had elevated concentrations of protein in their cerebrospinal fluid. In 1919, Guillain and Barré acknowledged Landry paralysis in a report describing a fatal case of the syndrome they had…

Mohamed Siad Barre was the president of Somalia who held dictatorial rule over the country from October 1969, when he led a bloodless military coup against the elected government, until January 1991, when he was overthrown in a bloody civil war. Siad was born about 1919 (or earlier) into a nomadic

Raymond Barre was a French economist and politician who served as prime minister of France (1976–81). Barre completed his early schooling in Réunion and then moved to Paris, where he studied law, economics, and politics at the faculty of law of the University of Paris and at the Institut d’Études

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi is a French virologist who was a corecipient, with Luc Montagnier and Harald zur Hausen, of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. She and Montagnier shared half the prize for their work in identifying the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of acquired

button quail: In the barred, or common, button quail (T. suscitator) of India and eastward, females are black-throated in breeding season. The northernmost species, ranging from India to Manchuria, is T. tanki, called yellow-legged, Indian, or Chinese button quail.

wood owl: The barred owl (Strix varia) has an overall barred pattern in brown and white. It is about 40 to 50 cm (1.3 to 1.7 feet) long. Found primarily in eastern North America, barred owls occur across the length of southern Canada and to the U.S. Pacific…

pickerel: The species E. americanus consists of two subspecies: the redfin pickerel (E. americanus americanus) and the grass pickerel (E. americanus vermiculatus). This species reaches a maximum weight of about 0.5 kg (1.1 pounds). See also pike.

mackerel: …several species, among them: the barred Spanish mackerel (S. commerson), an Indo-Pacific fish said to weigh up to 45 kg (100 pounds); the king mackerel, or kingfish (S. cavalla), a western Atlantic fish about 170 cm long and weighing 36 kg or more; and the cero, or painted mackerel (S.…

galaxy: SB galaxies: …spectra, and distributions of the barred spirals tend to be indistinguishable from those of normal spirals. The subclasses of SB systems exist in parallel sequence to those of the latter.

surfperch: The barred surfperch (Amphistichus argenteus), marked with yellow stripes, is one of several species favoured by anglers.

woodcreeper: A typical form is the barred woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes certhia), of southern Mexico to northern Brazil; it is 28 cm (11 inches) long, is heavy-billed, and has scalloped black markings. Xiphorhynchus woodcreepers, such as the ivory-billed woodcreeper (X. flavigaster) of Central America, are among the more prominently streaked woodcreepers. Like others…