brown four-eyed opossum, (Metachirus nudicaudatus), the only large American marsupial (family Didelphidae, subfamily Didelphinae) that lacks a pouch. It gets its name from its brownish to yellowish fur colour and the creamy white spot above each eye. This opossum inhabits lowland tropical forests

brown four-eyed opossum, (Metachirus nudicaudatus), the only large American marsupial (family Didelphidae, subfamily Didelphinae) that lacks a pouch. It gets its name from its brownish to yellowish fur colour and the creamy white spot above each eye. This opossum inhabits lowland tropical forests

bowerbird: The brown, or crestless, gardener (A. inornatus), lacking the orangish crown of the other species, makes the fanciest garden and a hut big enough to resemble a child’s playhouse.

12 Contemporary Black Authors You Must Read: Jacqueline Woodson: … in 2014 for her memoir Brown Girl Dreaming. Written in verse, the book details her life growing up in South Carolina and New York City in the 1960s and ’70s. In 2020 Woodson won the Hans Christian Andersen Award, an international prize for lifetime achievement in children’s literature. Her picture…

Brown Girl, Brownstones, first novel by Paule Marshall, originally published in 1959. Somewhat autobiographical, this groundbreaking work describes the coming of age of Selina Boyce, a Caribbean American girl in New York City in the mid-20th century. Although the book did not gain widespread

grease: Brown grease contains beef and mutton fats as well as hog fats. Fleshing grease is the fatty material trimmed from hides and pelts. Bone grease, hide grease, and garbage grease are named according to their origin. In some factories, food offal is used along with…

bush baby: …contains the largest species, the brown greater galago (O. crassicaudatus), with an average weight of 1.2 kg, though some weigh up to 1.8 kg. It lives in coastal forests and woodlands in southeastern Africa. One or two slightly smaller closely related species live in Angola and East Africa.

limonite, one of the major iron minerals, hydrated ferric oxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O). It was originally considered one of a series of such oxides; later it was thought to be the amorphous equivalent of goethite and lepidocrocite, but X-ray studies have shown that most so-called limonite is actually

hyena: The smaller brown hyena weighs about 40 kg; the coat is shaggy and dark with an erectile white mane over the neck and shoulders and horizontal white bands on the legs. The brown hyena lives in Southern Africa and western coastal deserts, where it is called the…

hyena: The smaller brown hyena weighs about 40 kg; the coat is shaggy and dark with an erectile white mane over the neck and shoulders and horizontal white bands on the legs. The brown hyena lives in Southern Africa and western coastal deserts, where it is called the…

Cochin Jews: …Malabaris (Black Jews), and the Meshuchrarim (Brown Jews). Whereas they once numbered in the thousands, only about 50 Cochin Jews remained on the Malabar Coast in the early 21st century.

lemming: Natural history: Collared and brown lemmings (Dicrostonyx and Lemmus) make nests on the tundra surface or beneath the snow. Breeding from spring to fall, females can produce up to 13 young after a gestation period of about 20 to 30 days.

byssinosis, respiratory disorder caused by inhalation of an endotoxin produced by bacteria in the fibres of cotton. Byssinosis is common among textile workers, who often inhale significant amounts of cotton dust. Cotton dust may stimulate inflammation that damages the normal structure of the lung

byssinosis, respiratory disorder caused by inhalation of an endotoxin produced by bacteria in the fibres of cotton. Byssinosis is common among textile workers, who often inhale significant amounts of cotton dust. Cotton dust may stimulate inflammation that damages the normal structure of the lung

phlogopite, basic aluminosilicate of potassium, magnesium, and iron that is a member of the common mica group. Varieties that contain only small amounts of iron are economically important as electrical insulators. Phlogopite occurs typically as a metamorphic product (e.g., in crystalline

portobello mushroom, (Agaricus bisporus), widely cultivated edible mushroom. One of the most commonly consumed mushrooms in the world, the fungus is sold under a variety of names and at various stages of maturity in brown, white, and off-white forms. It is found naturally in grasslands around the

brown mustard, (Brassica juncea), herbaceous plant of the family Brassicaceae grown primarily for its pungent seeds, which are a source of the condiment known as mustard, and as a leafy vegetable. Stronger in flavour than white mustard (Sinapsis alba), brown mustard seeds are characteristic of many

English oak, (Quercus robur), ornamental and timber tree of the beech family (Fagaceae) that is native to Eurasia but also cultivated in North America and Australia. The tree has a short stout trunk with wide-spreading branches and may grow to a height of 25 metres (82 feet). The short-stalked

brown pelican, (Pelecanus occidentalis), pelican species common along the southern U.S. coast. See

yellowwood: …of the genus include the brown pine, plum pine, or yellow pine (Podocarpus elatus) of southeastern Australia; the black pine, or matai (P. spicatus), the kahikatea, or white pine (P. dacrydioides), the miro (P. ferrugineus), and the totara (P. totara), all native to New Zealand; kusamaki, or broad-leaved

warship: Armament: About 1880 brown or cocoa powder appeared, employing incompletely charred wood. It burned slower than black powder and hence furnished a sustained burning that was effective ballistically but did not create excessive pressures within the gun barrel. To take advantage of this for longer-range firing, gun-barrel lengths jumped to…

brown rat, (Rattus norvegicus), species of rat (family Muridae) found on every continent except Antarctica. The alternate name “Norway rat” came from a false hypothesis widely believed in 18th-century England that the rats were native to Norway. Research has confirmed, however, that the brown rat

brown recluse, (Loxosceles reclusa), venomous light tan or yellow spider most common in the western and southern United States. It has a body length of about 7 mm (0.25 inch) and a leg span of about 2.5 cm (1 inch). On the front half of its body (the cephalothorax), it has a dark violin-shaped

human nutrition: Cereals: …vitamins are also lost when brown rice is polished to yield white rice. People living on white rice and little else are at risk for developing the disease beriberi, which is caused by a deficiency of thiamin (vitamin B1). Beriberi was formerly common in poor Asian communities in which a…

Arabian Desert: Climate of the Arabian Desert: …the horizon of the “brown roller” in spring or fall can be frightening. It constitutes a frontal storm up to 60 miles (100 km) wide carrying sand, dust, and debris high into the air and is followed by a sharp drop in temperature and often by rain. Wind velocities…

fungus: Nutrition: In brown rot of peaches, the softened area is somewhat larger than the actual area invaded by the hyphae: the periphery of the brown spot has been softened by enzymes that act ahead of the invading mycelium. Cheeses such as Brie and Camembert are matured by…

gastronomy: Use of wines and sauces: Brown sauces, which are served with red meats, chicken, turkey, veal, or game, are prepared by simmering a meat stock for many hours and then thickening it with a brown roux, a mixture of butter and flour cooked until it turns brown. Among the better…

brown algae, (class Phaeophyceae), class of about 1,500 species of algae in the division Chromophyta, common in cold waters along continental coasts. Species colour varies from dark brown to olive green, depending upon the proportion of brown pigment (fucoxanthin) to green pigment (chlorophyll).

O.J. Simpson: …charged with murdering his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. In what became one of the most celebrated criminal trials in American history, Simpson was acquitted in 1995, though his career and reputation never recovered.

brown snake, any of several species of snakes named for their usual predominating colour. In New Guinea and Australia the name brown snake is applied to approximately 10 species of the genus Pseudonaja. These venomous snakes are slender small-headed members of the cobra family, Elapidae. In North

brown snake: TheNew World brown snakes encompass the five species of the genus Storeria. They are found from eastern Canada to Honduras and are mostly less than 30 cm (12 inches) long. They are shy and spend most of their time under rocks, heavy vegetation, and leaf…

spider monkey: …through northwestern Ecuador, and the variegated, or brown, spider monkey (A. hybridus), which inhabits northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela—are listed as critically endangered. Spider monkeys are widely hunted for food by local people. Consequently, some of their population decline has been attributed to hunting pressure. However, habitat loss resulting from…

Philadelphia Phillies, American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia that plays in the National League (NL). The Phillies have won eight NL pennants and two World Series titles (1980 and 2008) and are the oldest continuously run, single-name, single-city franchise in American

St. Louis Cardinals, American professional baseball team established in 1882 that plays in the National League (NL). Based in St. Louis, Missouri, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series titles and 23 league pennants. Second only to the New York Yankees in World Series championships, St. Louis is

Queen Latifah: …The Bone Collector (1999) and Brown Sugar (2002). In 1999 she began a two-year stint of hosting her own daytime talk show, and that year she published Ladies First: Revelations of a Strong Woman (written with Karen Hunter).

oatmeal: …be sweetened, most commonly with brown sugar, and garnished with cream, fresh or dried fruits, nuts or nut butters, seeds, and spices, including cinnamon. Oatmeal can be made from any of the various forms of oats, with differences in texture, flavour, and length of the cooking process. The least-processed type…

Barkley L. Hendricks: Emerging from obscurity: Despite having his 1970 self-portrait Brown Sugar Vine included in an exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1971, for much of his career, Hendricks’s work was not widely celebrated in the art world. That began to change in 2008 when a curator at the Nasher Museum of…

Brown Swiss, cattle breed native to Switzerland and probably one of the oldest breeds in existence. While these cattle are classified as a dairy breed in the United States, they are often considered a dual-purpose breed elsewhere, as they are heavier boned and thicker fleshed than the cattle of the

Mimidae: The brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) is a good singer but does not mimic as frequently as the mockingbird. The Mimidae belong to the songbird suborder (Passeri).

tinamou: Vocalizations: …astonishingly songlike sequence of the brown tinamou (Crypturellus obsoletus)—astonishing because most relatives of the tinamous do not produce elaborate vocalizations—to the monosyllabic call of the cinereous tinamou (C. cinereus). The calls of the male and female are similar but discernibly different to the human ear. Other species sing a series…

towhee: …States is the canyon, or brown, towhee (P. fuscus). The green-tailed towhee (P. chlorurus), also western, is gray, white, and greenish, with a red-brown cap.

brown tree snake, (Boiga irregularis), slender, mildly venomous, primarily arboreal snake of family Colubridae that is considered to be one of the most aggressive invasive species in the world. The brown tree snake is native only to the islands immediately west of Wallace’s Line and to New Guinea

brown trout, prized and wary European game fish favoured for the table. The brown trout, which includes several varieties such as the Loch Leven trout of Great Britain, is of the family Salmonidae. It has been introduced to many other areas of the world and is recognized by the light-ringed black

Brown University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Providence, R.I., U.S., one of the eight Ivy League schools, widely regarded for their high academic standards, selectivity in admissions, and social prestige. Brown was first chartered in Warren, R.I., in 1764 as Rhode

Brown v. Board of Education, case in which, on May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (9–0) that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibits the states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person within

confession: Confession in U.S. legal history: In Brown v. Mississippi (1936), however, the Supreme Court for the first time invalidated a state criminal conviction on the grounds that the conviction was based on a coerced confession.

black widow: …latter is also called the brown widow and is native to Africa. In the northern part of its range, L. mactans is found most often in brush piles and near dwellings. In the southeastern United States, however, it lives on the ground. L. hesperus is found in western North America.

Minnehaha Falls, waterfall in Minnehaha Park, Minneapolis, eastern Minnesota, U.S. It is formed by Minnehaha Creek, which flows to the Mississippi River from Lake Minnetonka. The falls have a drop of 53 feet (16 metres) and were known earlier as Little Falls or Brown’s Falls. They were immortalized

Wild Bunch: …north-central Wyoming; Brown’s Hole (now Brown’s Park), a hidden valley of the Green River, near the intersection of the borders of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah; Robbers’ Roost, a region of nearly impenetrable rugged canyons in east-central Utah; and the Wilson W.S. Ranch, near Alma, New Mexico. Each area had cabins…

hutia: …very short and inconspicuous in Brown’s hutia (Geocapromys brownii) to pronounced and prehensile in the long-tailed Cuban hutia Mysateles prehensilis. Depending on the species, the tail may be thinly or thickly furred and have a thick coat of fur that may be soft or coarse; colours range from gray to…

Wild Bunch: …north-central Wyoming; Brown’s Hole (now Brown’s Park), a hidden valley of the Green River, near the intersection of the borders of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah; Robbers’ Roost, a region of nearly impenetrable rugged canyons in east-central Utah; and the Wilson W.S. Ranch, near Alma, New Mexico. Each area had cabins…

peony: Brown’s, or western, peony (P. browni) ranges from California to Montana, and California peony (P. californica) is found only along the Pacific coastal mountains of California and Mexico.

James Ellroy: …and sold his first novel, Brown’s Requiem (1981; film 1998).

Alice Brown was an American novelist, short-story writer, and biographer who gained some note as a writer of local colour. Brown graduated from Robinson Seminary in nearby Exeter in 1876. She then taught school for several years while contributing short stories to various magazines. Her success as

Alice Van Vechten Brown was an art educator known for initiating art history programs in American colleges and universities. Brown studied painting from 1881 to 1885 at the Art Students League in New York City, intending to become an artist. She changed her focus to teaching and became assistant

Ann Marie Fudge is an American executive best known for her innovative marketing campaigns at such corporations as General Mills, General Foods USA (GFUSA), and Maxwell House. She attended Simmons College (B.A., 1973) in Boston, where she met Richard Fudge; the couple later married. After

Antoinette Brown Blackwell was the first woman to be ordained a minister of a recognized denomination in the United States. Antoinette Brown was a precocious child and at an early age began to speak at meetings of the Congregational church to which she belonged. She attended Oberlin College,

United States presidential election of 1872: Republican factionalization: …deal with those advocating for B. Gratz Brown, governor of Missouri. The prominence of his newspaper accounted for much of his support, as his positions were more conservative that those held by most Liberal Republicans: he was a proponent of the protective tariff and of temperance. Brown filled the vice…

Grafton: Bailey Thornsbury Brown, reputedly the first Union soldier to be killed in the war, was shot in Grafton a short time earlier (May 22) by Confederate sentries; he is buried at the Grafton National Cemetery.

tyrannosaur: Hell Creek discoveries: …Formation by renowned fossil hunter Barnum Brown. Remains found by Brown are on display at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, and the Natural History Museum in London. Since 1980 more than two dozen other specimens of…

Betye Saar is an American artist and educator, renowned for her assemblages that lampoon racist attitudes about Blacks and for installations featuring mystical themes. Saar studied design at the University of California at Los Angeles (B.A., 1949) and education and printmaking (1958–62) at

Bob Brown is an Australian politician who served as a member of the Australian Senate (1996–2012) and as leader of the Australian Greens (2005–12). Brown was raised in rural New South Wales, and he attended school in Sydney, earning a medical degree from the University of Sydney in 1968. After

Whitney Houston: In 1992 Houston married singer Bobby Brown and made her motion-picture debut in The Bodyguard; the film featured her rendition of Dolly Parton’s “I Will Always Love You,” which stayed at number one for 14 weeks. The film’s soundtrack dominated the Grammys the following year, with Houston winning the awards…

Clifford Brown was an American jazz trumpeter noted for lyricism, clarity of sound, and grace of technique. He was a principal figure in the hard-bop idiom. Brown attended Delaware State College and Maryland State College and played in Philadelphia before joining, first, Tadd Dameron’s band in

Kaieteur Falls: The falls were sighted by C. Barrington Brown, a British geologist, in 1870.

As a child he was known as Chuck. As an F-16 pilot he earned the nickname “Swamp Thang.” (More on that later.) During his 40-year military career, he came to be known as C.Q. Officially, he is Gen. Charles Q. Brown, Jr., the second Black chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the United States’

Lancelot Brown was the foremost English master of garden design, whose works were characterized by their natural, unplanned appearance. Brown was born in Kirkharle, in northern England, likely in 1716. He might have been born the previous year, but the only existing records are those documenting

Charles Brown was an American blues singer of the late 1940s and early 1950s who was best known for his melodic ballads. One of the most influential singers of his day, Brown was an accomplished classical pianist whose career began in 1943 after he moved to Los Angeles. He played with the Bardu Ali

Charles Brockden Brown was a writer known as the "father of the American novel." His gothic romances in American settings were the first in a tradition adapted by two of the greatest early American authors, Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Brown called himself a "story-telling moralist."

As a child he was known as Chuck. As an F-16 pilot he earned the nickname “Swamp Thang.” (More on that later.) During his 40-year military career, he came to be known as C.Q. Officially, he is Gen. Charles Q. Brown, Jr., the second Black chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the United States’

As a child he was known as Chuck. As an F-16 pilot he earned the nickname “Swamp Thang.” (More on that later.) During his 40-year military career, he came to be known as C.Q. Officially, he is Gen. Charles Q. Brown, Jr., the second Black chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the United States’

Charlotte Emerson Brown was an American clubwoman, a founder and the first president of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs (GFWC). The daughter of a clergyman and a relative of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Charlotte Emerson received an excellent education and showed a particular aptitude for

Chris Brown is an American rhythm-and-blues (R&B) singer, songwriter, and actor whose melodic voice and skilled dancing propelled him to fame, though his success was sometimes overshadowed by his tumultuous personal life. Brown grew up in small-town Virginia. As a child, he discovered a love for

Tina Brown is an English American magazine editor and writer whose exacting sensibilities and prescient understanding of popular culture were credited with revitalizing the sales of such publications as Vanity Fair and The New Yorker. She applied her media acumen to the online realm as editor of

Chris Brown is an American rhythm-and-blues (R&B) singer, songwriter, and actor whose melodic voice and skilled dancing propelled him to fame, though his success was sometimes overshadowed by his tumultuous personal life. Brown grew up in small-town Virginia. As a child, he discovered a love for

Christy Brown was an Irish writer who overcame virtually total paralysis to become a successful novelist and poet. Brown was born with cerebral palsy, which left him unable to control any of his limbs except his left foot. His mother, who had 12 other children and refused to have him confined to an

Washington, D.C.: Music: Pioneered by Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers and heavy on bass and percussion, go-go by the early 1980s had become the most popular music of D.C. dance halls (called go-gos). Washington also played a vital role in the development of hardcore (locally rendered as “harDCore”) punk…

Clarence Brown was an American filmmaker who was one of the leading directors of Hollywood’s “golden age,” noted for such acclaimed movies as Anna Karenina (1935), National Velvet (1944), and The Yearling (1946). (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Brown attended the

Clarence Brown was an American filmmaker who was one of the leading directors of Hollywood’s “golden age,” noted for such acclaimed movies as Anna Karenina (1935), National Velvet (1944), and The Yearling (1946). (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Brown attended the

Claude Brown was an American author who wrote Manchild in the Promised Land (1965), a landmark work in African American literature that chronicled his poverty-stricken childhood in the Harlem district of New York City. Brown turned to crime at a young age and eventually was sent to a reformatory in

Clifford Brown was an American jazz trumpeter noted for lyricism, clarity of sound, and grace of technique. He was a principal figure in the hard-bop idiom. Brown attended Delaware State College and Maryland State College and played in Philadelphia before joining, first, Tadd Dameron’s band in

Jackson Browne is a German-born American singer, songwriter, pianist, and guitarist who helped define the singer-songwriter movement of the 1970s. Born in Germany to a musical family with deep roots in southern California, Browne grew up in Los Angeles and Orange county. His interest in music led

human ear: Detection of angular acceleration: dynamic equilibrium: …Josef Breuer and Scottish chemist Crum Brown, working independently, proposed the “hydrodynamic concept,” which held that head movements cause a flow of endolymph in the canals and that the canals are then stimulated by the fluid movements or pressure changes. German physiologist J.R. Ewald showed that the compression of the…

Dan Brown is an American author who wrote well-researched novels that centred on secret organizations and had intricate plots. He is best known for the Robert Langdon series, which notably included The Da Vinci Code (2003). Brown attended Phillips Exeter Academy, a prep school where his father was

Santana: ), David Brown (b. February 15, 1947, New York, U.S.—d. September 4, 2000), Mike Carabello (b. November 18, 1947, San Francisco, California, U.S.), José (“Chepito”) Areas (b. July 25, 1946, León, Nicaragua), and Mike Shrieve (b. July 6, 1949, San Francisco).

Los Angeles Kings: …Anže Kopitar and right wing Dustin Brown, returned to the postseason in 2009–10 and 2010–11 only to lose their first playoff series each season. However, in 2011–12 the Kings, who qualified for the postseason as the eighth (lowest) seed in the Western Conference, went on one of the most remarkable…

Earle Brown was one of the leading American composers of avant-garde music, best known for his development of graphic notation and the open-form system of composition. Brown had been trained in engineering and mathematics before he began to study music theory and composition. In the early 1950s he

Earle Brown was one of the leading American composers of avant-garde music, best known for his development of graphic notation and the open-form system of composition. Brown had been trained in engineering and mathematics before he began to study music theory and composition. In the early 1950s he

Edith Cowan was an Australian social reformer, women’s rights activist, and politician who focused on helping women and children. In 1921 she was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, becoming the first woman member of an Australian parliament. Cowan was born Edith Brown in

Jerry Brown is an American Democratic politician who served as governor of California (1975–83; 2011–19), mayor of Oakland, California (1999–2007), and California’s attorney general (2007–11). Brown was one of the four children of Edmund G. Brown, who served as governor of California from 1959 to

Ronald Reagan: Governorship of California of Ronald Reagan: The incumbent, Democrat Edmund G. (“Pat”) Brown (who had defeated Nixon’s challenge in 1962), ridiculed Reagan’s lack of experience, declaring that while he (Brown) had been serving the public, Reagan was making Bedtime for Bonzo, a 1951 movie in which Reagan starred with a chimpanzee. But Reagan turned…

African Americans and Horse Racing: For example, Edward Brown trained the horse Baden-Baden, who won the Kentucky Derby in 1877, and Alex Perry trained Joe Cotton, who won in 1885. In addition, African Americans remained involved in the sport as exercise riders, groomers, stable hands, and clockers.

history of photography: Development of the daguerreotype: …Japan by the American photographer Eliphalet Brown, Jr., who accompanied the 1853–54 mission led by Matthew C. Perry to open Japan to Western interests.

Ernest William Brown was a British-born American mathematician and astronomer known for his theory of the motion of the Moon. Educated at the University of Cambridge in England, Brown began there to study the motion of the Moon by a method devised by G.W. Hill of the United States. Hill had carried

Father Brown, fictional character, a priest who is the protagonist of a series of detective stories by G.K. Chesterton. The character was based on a priest whom Chesterton had met who had acquired a deep understanding of human evil by listening to confessions. Father Brown appears clumsy and naive,

Ford Madox Brown was an English painter whose work is associated with that of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, although he was never a member. Brown studied art from 1837 to 1839 in Bruges and Antwerp, Belgium. His early work is characterized by sombre colour and dramatic feeling suited to the

Kool & the Gang: …20, 2006, Maplewood, New Jersey), George (“Funky”) Brown (b. January 5, 1949, Jersey City—d. November 16, 2023, Long Beach, California), Dennis (“DT”) Thomas (b. February 9, 1951, Jersey City—d. August 7, 2021, New Jersey), Robert (“Spike”) Mickens (b. 1951, Jersey City—d. November 2, 2010, Far Rockaway, New York), Ricky West…

George Brown was a Canadian journalist and politician who was committed to federalism and to weakening the powers of the French Roman Catholic Church in Canada. As proprietor of The Globe (Toronto), he wielded considerable political influence in Canada West (Upper Canada, now Ontario), where his

George Douglas was a Scottish novelist who was instrumental in the realistic literature movement of the early 20th century. Educated at Glasgow University and Balliol College, Oxford, he was a brilliant student who won many awards. After graduation, he travelled to London to write for metropolitan