chain reaction: So-called branching chain reactions are a form of chain reaction in which the number of chain carriers increases in each propagation. As a result the reaction accelerates very rapidly, sometimes being completed in less than 1/1,000th of a second. This condition sometimes is referred to as…

programmed learning: Branching, or intrinsic, programming, was initially developed in conjunction with the use of an electronic training device for military personnel. This technique provides the student a piece of information, presents a situation requiring a multiple choice or recognition response, and on the basis of that…

annelid: Annotated classification: Order Branchiobdellida Head modified as sucker with fingerlike projections; posterior segments also modified to form sucker; body with 14 to 15 segments; all species parasitic or commensal on freshwater crayfish; size, minute; Stephanodrilus. Order Acanthobdellida Primitive group; setae present on 5 anterior segments;

muscle: Jawless fishes: The branchiomeric muscles in cyclostomes are represented by a sheet of constrictors that compresses the gill pouches and helps the pumping mechanism draw water through the pharynx to the gills. Other muscles of the branchiomeric series have been modified for specialized feeding functions. The branchiomeric musculature…

branchiopod, any of the roughly 800 species of the class Branchiopoda (subphylum Crustacea, phylum Arthropoda). They are aquatic animals that include brine shrimp, fairy shrimp, tadpole shrimp, water fleas, and other small, chiefly freshwater forms. Branchiopods are generally regarded as primitive

branchiopod, any of the roughly 800 species of the class Branchiopoda (subphylum Crustacea, phylum Arthropoda). They are aquatic animals that include brine shrimp, fairy shrimp, tadpole shrimp, water fleas, and other small, chiefly freshwater forms. Branchiopods are generally regarded as primitive

amphioxus: …are grouped in two genera—Branchiostoma (also called Amphioxus) and Epigonichthyes (also called Asymmetron)—with about two dozen species. The chordate features—the notochord (or stiffening rod), gill slits, and dorsal nerve cord—appear in the larvae and persist into adulthood.

circulatory system: Chordata: Amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) is a cephalochordate that possesses many typical vertebrate features but lacks the cranial cavity and vertebral column of the true vertebrate. Its circulatory pattern differs from that of most invertebrates as the blood passes forward in the ventral and backward in the dorsal…

cephalochordate: Classification: Family Branchiostomatidae Double row of gonads; Branchiostoma. Family Epigonichthyidae Gonads on right side of body only; Epigonichthys.

fish louse, any member of the crustacean subclass Branchiura, a group of parasites of migratory marine and freshwater fishes. Of the approximately 120 known species, most belong to the genus Argulus. The fish louse has a very distinctive oval-shaped, flattened body formed by a broad carapace. Other

cave: Geomorphic characteristics of solution caves: Branchwork caves develop where there are multiple inlets, each at the head of one of the tributary branches. Network caves are formed where flows are controlled by diffuse inlets; flow velocities remain low and solutional erosion takes place along all possible joint openings. A network…

Cabo Verde: Land: …the islets of Raso and Branco. The Sotavento Islands include Maio, Santiago, Fogo, and Brava and the three islets called the Rombos—Grande, Luís Carneiro, and

Branco River, river, Roraima estado (state), northern Brazil. It is formed just above Boa Vista by the junction of the Rio Uraricoera, which rises in the Serra Parima on the Venezuela border, and the Rio Takutu, which descends from the Serra Pakaraima on the Guyana border. The Branco follows a

Cape Branco, cape on the Atlantic coast of Paraíba estado (state), eastern Brazil, that forms the easternmost point of the South American continent. Located 5 mi (8 km) southeast of João Pessoa, the state capital, in a zone of abundant rainfall, Cape Branco has beautiful white sand beaches bordered

Cape Branco, cape on the Atlantic coast of Paraíba estado (state), eastern Brazil, that forms the easternmost point of the South American continent. Located 5 mi (8 km) southeast of João Pessoa, the state capital, in a zone of abundant rainfall, Cape Branco has beautiful white sand beaches bordered

Arturo Gatti: …several nontitle bouts, Gatti defeated Gianluca Branco of Italy on January 24, 2004, to capture the vacant WBC junior welterweight (super lightweight) belt. He had two successful defenses before losing that title to American Floyd Mayweather on June 25, 2005. Gatti failed in his July 22, 2006, fight against Carlos…

Portugal: Music: …was primarily the work of Luís de Freitas Branco, whose Neoclassic tradition was perpetuated by Joly Braga Santos. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (founded by and named for the oil magnate) continues to inspire much of the country’s musical life. Composers acquiring prestige both at home and abroad include António Victorino…

Branco River, river, Roraima estado (state), northern Brazil. It is formed just above Boa Vista by the junction of the Rio Uraricoera, which rises in the Serra Parima on the Venezuela border, and the Rio Takutu, which descends from the Serra Pakaraima on the Guyana border. The Branco follows a

Western architecture: Italian Mannerism or Late Renaissance (1520–1600): …was crystallized in Raphael’s Palazzo Branconio dell’Aquila (destroyed) at Rome, where the regular logic of a Bramante facade was abandoned in favour of complex, out-of-step rhythms and encrusted surface decorations of medallions and swags. The detailed archaizing elements of this manner were taken up later by Pirro Ligorio, by the…

Anna de Noailles was a poet, a leading literary figure in France in the pre-World War I period. The daughter of a Romanian prince and granddaughter of a Turkish pasha, she adopted France and its language for her life and writings even before her marriage to a French count. Her friends included the

Mureş: Brâncoveneşti village, built on the location of a Roman castrum, contains a 14th-century castle, altered in the 16th century. Suseni village is an area of archaeological investigation. Agricultural activities in the county consist of vineyard and orchard cultivation. A county museum and a zoological museum,…

Constantin Brancusi was a pioneer of modern abstract sculpture whose works in bronze and marble are characterized by a restrained, elegant use of pure form and exquisite finishing. A passionate wood-carver, he produced numerous wood sculptures, often with a folk flavor, and he frequently carved

Brand, dramatic poem written in 1866 by Henrik Ibsen. Its central figure is a dynamic rural pastor who undertakes his religious calling with a blazing sincerity that transcends not only all forms of compromise but all traces of human sympathy and warmth as well. Brand’s God demands of him all or

brand (marketing), a set of words, images, and associations that represent and distinguish a product or service in the marketplace. Strong brands elicit an emotional response from consumers and add value to the products and services they represent. Manufacturers have identified their products with

trademark, any visible sign or device used by a business enterprise to identify its goods and distinguish them from those made or carried by others. Trademarks may be words or groups of words, letters, numerals, devices, names, the shape or other presentation of products or their packages, colour

Sting: Solo career: …had a big hit with Brand New Day in 1999, especially with the album’s title song and “Desert Rose,” which featured Algerian rai singer Cheb Mami. That album also went triple platinum and in 1999 won the Grammys for best pop album and for best male pop vocal performance for…

Brooks & Dunn: …title track of the album Brand New Man (1991), which also included the hit single “Boot Scootin’ Boogie.” Their second full-length recording, Hard Workin’ Man (1993), confirmed their popularity, debuting at number three on the Billboard country album chart. Brooks & Dunn continued to satisfy country music audiences with such…

Longmyndian: …the Maplewell Series and the Brand Series. These rocks, collectively known as the Charnian, consist largely of volcanic rocks (most prominent in the Maplewell Series and least in the Brand Series) and of sedimentary conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and slates.

Canadian literature: Fiction: …history of Canadian blacks, and Dionne Brand’s At the Full and Change of the Moon (1999) and Makeda Silvera’s The Heart Does Not Bend (2002) construct generational sagas of the African and Caribbean slave diaspora and immigrant life in Canada. Like Brand and Silvera, Shani Mootoo, whose Cereus Blooms at…

Los Angeles Clippers: …a promising squad featuring forward Elton Brand and center Chris Kaman won 47 games and advanced to the second round of the playoffs, but they lost a seven-game series to the Phoenix Suns. Even this limited success was short-lived, and the team fell back to a last-place divisional finish two…

Hennig Brand was a German chemist who, through his discovery of phosphorus, became the first known discoverer of an element. A military officer and self-styled physician, Brand has often received the undeserved title “last of the alchemists” because of his continual search for the philosopher’s

John Brand was a British antiquary and topographer who contributed to the study of English folklore with the publication of Observations on Popular Antiquities: Including the Whole of Mr. Bourne’s Antiquitates Vulgares (1777). Ordained in 1773, Brand occupied positions as a teacher and curate in

Brandberg, granite massif and one of the highest mountains of Namibia. It lies in the north-central Namib desert. Königstein, its highest peak (and the country’s highest point), reaches an elevation of more than 8,200 feet (2,500 metres). Brandberg is known for its concentration of prehistoric rock

Katy Perry: …high-profile relationship with English comedian Russell Brand, to whom she was briefly married (2010–12). After recording the stripped-down live album MTV Unplugged (2009), Perry returned to the studio. The resulting release, Teenage Dream (2010), which provided a broader showcase for her full-throated voice, was even more commercially successful than One…

Sir Quintin Brand was a pioneer aviator and an air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force. (Read Orville Wright’s 1929 biography of his brother, Wilbur.) Brand served with distinction in the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force in World War I and destroyed a German Gotha bomber in the last air

Sir Johannes Henricus Brand was a statesman and president (1864–88) of the Orange Free State who expanded the boundaries of the state at the expense of the Sotho and sought harmony between the Boer republics and the British colonies in Southern Africa. Brand was the son of Sir Christoffel Brand,

Sir Quintin Brand was a pioneer aviator and an air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force. (Read Orville Wright’s 1929 biography of his brother, Wilbur.) Brand served with distinction in the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force in World War I and destroyed a German Gotha bomber in the last air

Internet: The WELL: …in 1985 by American publisher Stewart Brand, who viewed the BBS as an extension of his Whole Earth Catalog, the WELL was one of the first electronic communities organized around forums dedicated to particular subjects such as parenting and Grateful Dead concerts. The latter were an especially popular topic of…

Vance Brand is an American astronaut who was command pilot for several historic space ventures, including the first joint U.S.-Soviet crewed space mission and the first fully operational space shuttle mission. Brand gained flight experience as an aviator with the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve from 1953

Vance Brand is an American astronaut who was command pilot for several historic space ventures, including the first joint U.S.-Soviet crewed space mission and the first fully operational space shuttle mission. Brand gained flight experience as an aviator with the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve from 1953

St. Brendan ; feast day May 16) was a Celtic saint, monastic founder, abbot, and hero of legendary voyages in the Atlantic Ocean. Reputedly raised and educated by Abbess St. Ita at her boys’ school in what later became County Limerick, he later studied under Abbot St. Jarlath of Tuam. After

Netherlands Antilles: Relief: …787 feet (240 metres) at Brandaris on Bonaire and 1,230 feet (375 metres) at Mount Saint Christoffel on Curaçao. The islands consist mainly of igneous rocks and are fringed with coral reefs. The northern islands consist of volcanic rocks rising to 1,119 feet (341 metres) at Sentry Hill in the…

Brandberg, granite massif and one of the highest mountains of Namibia. It lies in the north-central Namib desert. Königstein, its highest peak (and the country’s highest point), reaches an elevation of more than 8,200 feet (2,500 metres). Brandberg is known for its concentration of prehistoric rock

Jim Davis: …series as Laramie, Wagon Train, Branded, Death Valley Days, Daniel Boone. and Gunsmoke. It was his gruff characterization of Jock Ewing in the 1978–91 series Dallas, though, that catapulted him to stardom. Davis’s death from cancer in 1981 occurred during the fourth season. Rather than recast the role, the show’s…

Josephine Clara Goldmark: …of her brother-in-law’s famous "Brandeis briefs," notably the one filed in Muller v. Oregon in 1908, and, after Felix Frankfurter’s appointment to the Supreme Court in 1916, she frequently served him in a similar capacity. In 1911–13 Goldmark served with Frances Perkins, Robert Wagner, Alfred E. Smith, and others…

Brandeis University, private coeducational institution of higher learning at Waltham, Massachusetts, founded in 1948 as the first Jewish-sponsored nonsectarian university in the United States. It was named for Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis. The main components of the university are a college

Louis Brandeis was a lawyer and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1916–39) who was the first Jew to sit on the high court. Brandeis’s parents, members of cultivated Bohemian Jewish families, had emigrated from Prague to the United States in 1849. Brandeis attended the public schools of

Louis Brandeis was a lawyer and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1916–39) who was the first Jew to sit on the high court. Brandeis’s parents, members of cultivated Bohemian Jewish families, had emigrated from Prague to the United States in 1849. Brandeis attended the public schools of

Ayn Rand: The Collective and the Nathaniel Branden Institute: …and Blumenthal and his girlfriend, Barbara Weidman, became Rand’s friends as well as her intellectual followers. In 1951 the couple moved to New York, and Rand and O’Connor soon followed. There the Brandens, as Nathan and Barbara called themselves after their marriage in 1953, introduced Rand to their friends and…

Ayn Rand: The Collective and the Nathaniel Branden Institute: …to meet a young admirer, Nathan Blumenthal, on the basis of his several articulate fan letters. The two established an immediate rapport, and Blumenthal and his girlfriend, Barbara Weidman, became Rand’s friends as well as her intellectual followers. In 1951 the couple moved to New York, and Rand and O’Connor…

cellophane: …not until 1908, however, that Jacques E. Brandenberger, a Swiss chemist, designed a machine for continuous production of a strong, transparent film. Brandenberger coined the term cellophane by combining cellulose with diaphane, the French word for “translucent.” World War I delayed large-scale development; however, in 1913 a French company, La…

Brandenburg, city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. The city lies on both banks of the Havel River, west of Berlin. It was founded as Branibor (Brennabor, or Brennaburg) by the West Slavic Havelli tribe and was captured by the German king Henry I the Fowler in 928. A bishopric was first

Brandenburg, Land (state), eastern Germany. The current territory of Brandenburg state occupies what were the east-central and eastern portions of former East Germany, extending east-west from the Oder and Neisse rivers to the Elbe region and north-south from the Mecklenburg lake district to lower

Wendy Whelan: …role in his 1997 ballet Brandenburg. Whelan’s most-revered interpretation of Robbins’s choreography was as the fearsome Novice in his 1951 dance-drama The Cage, for which she transformed her body into an angular insect.

Brandenburg, margravate, or mark, then an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northeastern lowlands of Germany; it was the nucleus of the dynastic power on which the kingdom of Prussia was founded. After World War I it was a province of the Land (state) of Prussia in Germany. After

Brandenburg, city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. The city lies on both banks of the Havel River, west of Berlin. It was founded as Branibor (Brennabor, or Brennaburg) by the West Slavic Havelli tribe and was captured by the German king Henry I the Fowler in 928. A bishopric was first

Brandenburg Concertos, six concerti grossi by Johann Sebastian Bach, considered masterful examples of balance between assorted groups of soloists and a small orchestra. The collection was composed circa 1711–20 and dedicated in 1721 to Christian Ludwig, the margrave (marquess) of Brandenburg and

Brandenburg Gate, the only remaining town gate of Berlin, Germany, standing at the western end of the avenue Unter den Linden. It has served as a symbol of both the division of Germany and the country’s reunification and is one of Berlin’s most-visited landmarks. The gate was commissioned by

First Amendment: Permissible restrictions on expression: …the Supreme Court held in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), the government may forbid “incitement”—speech “directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action” and “likely to incite or produce such action” (such as a speech to a mob urging it to attack a nearby building). But speech urging action at some…

Brandenburg Gate, the only remaining town gate of Berlin, Germany, standing at the western end of the avenue Unter den Linden. It has served as a symbol of both the division of Germany and the country’s reunification and is one of Berlin’s most-visited landmarks. The gate was commissioned by

Edvard Brandes was a writer and politician who was an important figure in the Danish left coalition that struggled for full parliamentary government in the final decades of the 19th century. Edvard Brandes was a literary critic like his celebrated brother Georg Brandes but is primarily known for

Edvard Brandes was a writer and politician who was an important figure in the Danish left coalition that struggled for full parliamentary government in the final decades of the 19th century. Edvard Brandes was a literary critic like his celebrated brother Georg Brandes but is primarily known for

Georg Brandes was a Danish critic and scholar who, from 1870 through the turn of the century, exerted an enormous influence on the Scandinavian literary world. Born into a Jewish family, Brandes graduated from the University of Copenhagen in 1864. He was influenced by the French critics Hippolyte

Georg Brandes was a Danish critic and scholar who, from 1870 through the turn of the century, exerted an enormous influence on the Scandinavian literary world. Born into a Jewish family, Brandes graduated from the University of Copenhagen in 1864. He was influenced by the French critics Hippolyte

weather map: …until 1816 that German physicist Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes created the first weather maps, which were hand drawn and reconstructed from data collected in 1783. The first telegraphic collection of synoptic meteorological reports and their mapping for forecasting was accomplished by Urbain-J.-J. Le Verrier during the mid-1800s.

branding, the permanent marking of livestock or goods using a distinctive design made by hot or superchilled metal, chemical, tattoo, or paint for purposes of identification. In agricultural usage it may also include tagging and notching. Brands are applied to animals principally to establish

marketing: Packaging and branding: Packaging and branding are also substantial components in the marketing of a product. Packaging in some instances may be as simple as customers in France carrying long loaves of unwrapped bread or small produce dealers in Italy wrapping vegetables in newspapers or placing them…

corporal punishment: …the future or that the branding of a telltale mark upon his forehead would alert his potential victims in a crowd to take special precautions while they were in his vicinity. The claim that corporal punishment is an especially effective deterrent has been refuted by empirical evidence, however, which shows…

Marlon Brando was an American motion picture and stage actor known for his visceral, brooding characterizations. Brando was the most celebrated of the method actors, and his slurred, mumbling delivery marked his rejection of classical dramatic training. His true and passionate performances proved

Marlon Brando was an American motion picture and stage actor known for his visceral, brooding characterizations. Brando was the most celebrated of the method actors, and his slurred, mumbling delivery marked his rejection of classical dramatic training. His true and passionate performances proved

Brandon, city, southwestern Manitoba, Canada, lying on the Assiniboine River, 131 miles (211 km) west of Winnipeg. It was first settled in the late 1870s and was formally founded after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway (1881) near the last of three Hudson’s Bay Company trading posts at

Brandon Mountain, mountain on the Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland. It is 3,127 feet (953 metres) high. The mountains of the western part of the peninsula are formed of rock strata known to geologists as the Dingle beds, and north of the town of Dingle they form the Brandon range—a high

Manitoba: Education: Brandon University is located in the southwestern part of the province. Canadian Mennonite University, an amalgamation of three smaller colleges, was established in 1998 in Winnipeg. Community colleges based in Winnipeg, The Pas, Portage la Prairie, and Brandon operate campuses throughout the province.

Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk was the 1st Duke of Suffolk and brother-in-law of the English king Henry VIII. He was a prominent courtier during his reign. His father, William Brandon, died fighting for Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII) in 1485. A large, athletic man, young Brandon was about

Colonel Brandon, fictional character, the calm, quiet, and practical man who falls in love with and eventually wins the love of Marianne Dashwood in Jane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility

St. Brendan ; feast day May 16) was a Celtic saint, monastic founder, abbot, and hero of legendary voyages in the Atlantic Ocean. Reputedly raised and educated by Abbess St. Ita at her boys’ school in what later became County Limerick, he later studied under Abbot St. Jarlath of Tuam. After

Brandon Teena was a biologically female individual who lived his life as a male and was murdered by two former friends after they discovered his biological sex. Teena and his story have been at the center of academic and public debates concerning gender and sexuality rights. While it is unclear

saga: Translations: In the 13th century Abbot Brandr Jónsson wrote a history of the Jews based on the Vulgate, on the 10th-century biblical scholar Peter Comestor, and on other sources.

Dave Brandstetter, fictional character, the gay insurance investigator featured in a series of crime novels by Joseph Hansen. The middle-aged Brandstetter, who operates in Southern California, is a savvy, sympathetic character. In Fadeout (1970), the first novel to feature Brandstetter, he falls in

Austronesian languages: Early classification work: …field was the Swiss scholar Renward Brandstetter, whose work in the period 1906–15 led to the reconstruction of a complete sound system for what he called Original Indonesian and the compilation of a very preliminary comparative dictionary. Like van der Tuuk, however, Brandstetter worked only on the Austronesian languages of…

golden hamster: …of the genus Mesocricetus are Brandt’s hamster (M. brandti), found in southern Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel eastward through Syria to northwestern Iran; the Romanian hamster (M. newtoni) is exclusive to eastern Romania and Bulgaria; the Ciscaucasian hamster (M. raddei) inhabits the steppes along the northern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains.

Alfred Brandt was a German civil engineer who was primarily responsible for the successful driving of the Simplon Tunnel, one of the largest of the great Alpine tunnels. As a young railroad engineer in the 1870s, Brandt observed the difficulties of the construction of the St. Gotthard Tunnel

Bill Brandt was a photographer known principally for his documentation of 20th-century British life and for his unusual nudes. Following early schooling in Germany and a stay in Switzerland, during which he took up photography, Brandt briefly worked in the Paris studio of the American artist and

metalwork: Mid-19th century onward: Edgar Brandt of Paris broadened the scope of decorative usage by the rich inventiveness of his compositions and by an entirely original approach that resulted in a wrought-iron texture that is akin to beaten silver. Examples of his work at the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs…

Netherlands: Culture: …the histories and biographies by Geeraert Brandt. These were works in which a proud new nation took account of its birth pangs and its growth to greatness. Only in the latter part of the century did Dutch historians begin to express a sense that political grandeur might be transient.

Georg Brandt was a Swedish chemist who, through his discovery and isolation of cobalt, became the first person to discover a metal unknown in ancient times. In 1727 Brandt was appointed director of the chemical laboratory of the Council of Mines, Stockholm, and three years later became warden of

Bill Brandt was a photographer known principally for his documentation of 20th-century British life and for his unusual nudes. Following early schooling in Germany and a stay in Switzerland, during which he took up photography, Brandt briefly worked in the Paris studio of the American artist and

Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc.: …originated in 1920 when Cohn, Joe Brandt, and Harry’s brother Jack Cohn founded the C.B.C. Sales Film Corporation to produce shorts and low-budget westerns and comedies. In an attempt to refurbish the studio’s reputation, its name was changed to Columbia Pictures in 1924. Brandt was company president from 1924 to…

T4 Program: Karl Brandt and Chancellery chief Philipp Bouhler were “charged with responsibility for expanding the authority of physicians…so that patients considered incurable, according to the best available human judgment of their state of health, can be granted a mercy killing.”

Marianne Brandt was a German painter and Bauhaus photographer and designer who specialized in metalwork. Brandt focused on painting early in her career and began her studies at a private art school in Weimar, Germany, in 1911 at age 18. In 1912 she transferred to the Grand Ducal College of Art,

ethics: Moral realism: …proposed by several philosophers, including Richard B. Brandt, Michael Smith, and Peter Railton. They held that moral terms are best understood as referring to the desires or preferences that a person would have under certain idealized conditions. Among these conditions are that the person be calm and reflective, that he…

Sebastian Brant was a satirical poet best known for his Das Narrenschiff (1494; The Ship of Fools), the most popular German literary work of the 15th century. Brant studied in Basel, where he received his B.A. in 1477 and doctor of laws in 1489; he taught in the law faculty there from 1484 to 1500.

Bill Brandt was a photographer known principally for his documentation of 20th-century British life and for his unusual nudes. Following early schooling in Germany and a stay in Switzerland, during which he took up photography, Brandt briefly worked in the Paris studio of the American artist and

Willy Brandt was a German statesman, leader of the German Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or SPD) from 1964 to 1987, and chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1971 for his efforts to

brandy, alcoholic beverage distilled from wine or a fermented fruit mash. The term used alone generally refers to the grape product; brandies made from the wines or fermented mashes of other fruits are commonly identified by the specific fruit name. With the exception of certain fruit types, known

sauce: Hard sauce, or brandy butter, is a stiff mixture of powdered sugar, butter, brandy, and spice that is served with mincemeat and Christmas puddings.

Beaconsfield, town, northern Tasmania, Australia. It lies on the west bank of the Tamar River, 29 miles (46 km) northwest of Launceston. The site of the present town was originally known as Cabbage Tree Hill. It was renamed Brandy Creek when gold was found nearby in 1870. In 1879 F.A. Weld,

Kazimierz Brandys was a Polish novelist and essayist remembered both for his early espousal of Socialist Realism and his later rejection of communist ideology. Brandys was born into a middle-class Jewish family. He graduated with a degree in law from the University of Warsaw in 1939. After having

Brandywine Creek, stream in southeastern Pennsylvania and western Delaware, U.S., rising in two branches in Chester county, Pennsylvania, which join near Coatesville. It flows about 20 miles (32 km) southeast past Chadds Ford and through Delaware to join the Christina River just above its

Delaware: Cultural life: …as the home of the Brandywine school, a group of mainly genre and narrative painters.