Havana syndrome, largely discredited medical condition reported among U.S. diplomats and other government employees stationed internationally. Havana syndrome was first publicized in 2016 following reports of an unidentified condition in officials at the U.S. embassy in Havana, Cuba. Reported

Donald Davidson: …to his doctrine of “anomalous monism,” because causal laws are linguistic entities that apply to events under some descriptions but not others, it is possible for two events to be causally related—or even identical—though there is no causal law (in the strict sense) that captures this relation under the…

cardiovascular disease: Anomalous pulmonary venous return: The pulmonary veins from the right and left lungs may connect either directly or indirectly to the right, instead of the left, atrium. In this condition the abnormal venous channel draining to the right side of the heart may become obstructed.…

nervous system: Potassium channels: …of potassium channel is the anomalous, or inward, rectifier channel (IIR). This channel closes with depolarization and opens with hyperpolarization. By allowing an unusual inward diffusion of K+, the IIR channel prolongs depolarization of the neuron and helps produce long-lasting nerve impulses.

anomalous water, liquid water generally formed by condensation of water vapour in tiny glass or fused-quartz capillaries and with properties very different from those well established for ordinary water; e.g., lower vapour pressure, lower freezing temperature, higher density and viscosity, higher

anomalure, (family Anomaluridae), any of seven African species of rodents comprising the large anomalures (genus Anomalurus), pygmy anomalures (genus Idiurus), and flightless anomalure (genus Zenkerella). All live in tropical forests, and the large and pygmy anomalures are the only gliding mammals

anomalure, (family Anomaluridae), any of seven African species of rodents comprising the large anomalures (genus Anomalurus), pygmy anomalures (genus Idiurus), and flightless anomalure (genus Zenkerella). All live in tropical forests, and the large and pygmy anomalures are the only gliding mammals

rodent: Evolution and classification: Suborder Anomaluromorpha 2 extant families, 2 extinct families containing 4 genera. Early Miocene to present. Family Anomaluridae (anomalures) 7 species in 3 genera, 2 extinct genera. Late Eocene to present in Africa. Subfamily Anomalurinae (large anomalures)

anomalure: Large and pygmy anomalures are nocturnal and nest in hollow trees, entering and exiting through holes located at various heights along the trunk. Colonies of up to 100 pygmy anomalures live in some trees. Large anomalures gnaw bark and then lick the exuding sap; they…

anomalure: …of the seven species is Pel’s anomalure (A. pelii), with a body 40 to 46 cm (16 to 18 inches) long and a tail of nearly the same length. The little anomalure (A. pusillus) is about half the size of Pel’s and has a proportionally shorter tail. The pygmy anomalures…

anomalure: The little anomalure (A. pusillus) is about half the size of Pel’s and has a proportionally shorter tail. The pygmy anomalures (I. macrotis and I. zenkeri) are smaller still, ranging from 7 to 10 cm in body length, not including their long tails (9 to 13…

climate: Circulation, currents, and ocean-atmosphere interaction: Anomalies in the position of the Gulf Stream–Labrador Current boundary, which produce a greater or lesser extent of warm water near the Grand Banks, so affect the energy supply to the atmosphere and the development and steering of weather systems from that region that they…

mining: Prospecting: …modern techniques is to find anomalies—i.e., differences between what is observed at a particular location and what would normally be expected. Aerial and satellite imagery provides one means of quickly examining large land areas and of identifying mineralizations that may be indicated by differences in geologic structure or in rock,…

anomaly, in astronomy, originally the nonuniform (anomalous) apparent motions of the planets. In present usage, three kinds of anomaly are distinguished to describe the position in the orbit of a planet, a satellite, or a star (in a binary system) around the centre of mass. The following text

data mining: Anomaly detection: Anomaly detection can be viewed as the flip side of clustering—that is, finding data instances that are unusual and do not fit any established pattern. Fraud detection is an example of anomaly detection. Although fraud detection may be viewed as a problem for…

anomie, in societies or individuals, a condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values or from a lack of purpose or ideals. The term was introduced by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in his study of suicide. He believed that one type of suicide (anomic) resulted

jingle shell, any of several marine invertebrates of the class Bivalvia belonging to the family Anomiidae. In most species of these oysterlike bivalves, one shell valve (i.e., half) is closely appressed to a rock surface and has a large hole in its wall through which a calcified byssus (tuft of

Anomoean, (from Greek anomoios, “unlike”), any member of a religious group of the 4th century that represented an extreme form of Arianism (q.v.), a Christian heresy that held that the essential difference between God and Christ was that God had always existed, while Christ was created by God.

water flea, any member of the crustacean order Anomopoda (class Branchiopoda), a large group containing about 450 species distributed worldwide. Most forms are found in freshwater habitats, but a few occur in marine environments. The best known genus is Daphnia, ubiquitous in ponds and streams in

anomie, in societies or individuals, a condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values or from a lack of purpose or ideals. The term was introduced by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in his study of suicide. He believed that one type of suicide (anomic) resulted

Spanish literature: The modern revival: Francisco Añón y Paz was the first notable poet in the resurrected idiom, his most stirring notes being love of country and of freedom. Rosalía de Castro, the greatest name in Galician literature, identified herself with the spirit and people of the Galician countryside in…

Alfa Romeo SpA, Italian manufacturer of high-priced sports cars and other vehicles. The company was operated by the Italian government through its state holding company, IRI (Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale), until 1986, when it was sold to Fiat SpA. Headquarters are in Milan. The company

deindividuation: Origins of deindividuation theory: First, anonymity prevents people from being isolated or identified, which leads to a feeling of being untouchable and to a loss of a sense of personal responsibility. Le Bon further argued that such loss of control leads to contagion, in which a lack of responsibility spreads…

Anonymous, decentralized international movement of digital activists known for generating high-profile cyberattacks against governments, companies, and other institutions. Participants in Anonymous and their supporters (“Anons”) sometimes identify themselves, both online and in person, using a

Vanessa Redgrave: Movies from the 21st century: In Anonymous (2011), which advanced the theory that the plays attributed to Shakespeare were written by Edward de Vere, 17th earl of Oxford, Redgrave portrayed Elizabeth I. She then appeared as the strong-willed Volumnia in a 2011 film adaptation of Shakespeare’s Coriolanus and played a cancer…

Paul Erdős: …mathematicians, who called themselves the Anonymous group, championed a fledgling branch of mathematics called Ramsey theory, which has as its philosophical underpinning the idea that complete disorder is impossible. A concrete example is the random scattering of points on a plane (a flat surface). The Ramsey theorist conjectures that no…

mosquito: Anopheles mosquitoes: Anopheles, the only known carrier of malaria, also transmits filariasis and encephalitis. Anopheles mosquitoes are easily recognized from their resting position, in which the proboscis, head, and body are held in a straight line with one another but at an angle to the surface. The…

malaria: Malaria through history: …in Brazil that eradicated the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, using a dust larvicide (Paris green) against the larvae and a newly discovered insecticide (pyrethrum) against the adult insects. The entire antimalarial effort was given an enormous boost in 1939 when the Swiss chemist Paul Müller discovered the insecticidal properties of DDT.…

evolution: Ecological isolation: The Anopheles maculipennis group consists of six mosquito species, some of which are involved in the transmission of malaria. Although the species are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, they are isolated reproductively, in part because they breed in different habitats. Some breed in brackish water, others in running…

malformation: Somatic characters: More frequent anomalies are anophthalmia (absence of eyes) and microphthalmia (abnormally small eyes), both occasionally the result of abnormal heredity. Defective closure of lines of junction in the embryo produces malformations such as cleft palate, in which the ventral laminae of the palate have failed to fuse, and cleft…

spider wasp: Anoplius depressipes, which captures swamp spiders (Dolomedes), drags its prey across the water. Some spider wasps fly with their prey.

spider wasp: Anoplius fuscus, a European species, captures spiders of five different families. Larvae of the European genus Homonotus live on the body of a spider that remains active in its normal habitat until it is gradually killed by the feeding larva.

Asian longhorned beetle, (Anoplophora glabripennis), species of beetle (order Coleoptera, family Cerambycidae), originally native to eastern China and Korea, that became a serious pest of hardwood trees in North America and parts of Eurasia. The glossy black adults are large, 17–40 mm (0.7–1.6

sucking louse, (suborder Anoplura), any of some 500 species of small, wingless, flat lice (order Phthiraptera) that have piercing and sucking mouthparts and live on blood and tissue fluids of mammals as an ectoparasite (external parasite). The adult sucking louse, or true louse, glues her eggs, or

cave fish: …of the best known is Astyanax mexicanus (previously Anoptichthys jordani), an eyeless, 7.5-cm characin (family Characidae) found in Mexico and often kept in home aquariums. The gobies in the genus Typhleotris inhabit karst caves in Madagascar. Others include Caecobarbus geertsi, an African member of the minnow family (Cyprinidae), and certain…

reproductive system disease: In the male: Anorchism (absence of one or both testes) is rare; it may be associated with the absence of various other structures of the spermatic tract. Generally, if one testis (also called testicle) is absent, the other is found to be within the abdomen rather than in…

anorexia, persistent lack of appetite not caused by repletion. It may spring from psychoneurotic causes, as in anorexia nervosa (q.v.), a lack of appetite, primarily in young women, that may lead to extreme emaciation and even to death. Anorexia, like nausea and vomiting, may be brought about by

anorexia nervosa, eating disorder characterized by the refusal of an emaciated individual to maintain a normal body weight. A person with anorexia nervosa typically weighs no more than 85 percent of the expected weight for the person’s age, height, and sex, and in some cases much less. In addition,

frigidity: …inability to achieve orgasm (anorgasmia). Failure of sexual response in females—as in males—may have specific physical sources; such is the case of women who experience vaginal spasms (vaginismus) or pain (dyspareunia) during attempted intercourse. Likewise, female sexual response may be impaired by purely psychological causes, triggered by emotional conflicts…

frigidity: …inability to achieve orgasm (anorgasmia). Failure of sexual response in females—as in males—may have specific physical sources; such is the case of women who experience vaginal spasms (vaginismus) or pain (dyspareunia) during attempted intercourse. Likewise, female sexual response may be impaired by purely psychological causes, triggered by emotional conflicts…

anorthite, a feldspar mineral, calcium aluminosilicate (CaAl2Si2O8), that occurs as white or grayish, brittle, glassy crystals. Primarily a rock-forming mineral, it is used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics. Anorthite occurs in basic igneous rocks, as at Trentino, Italy; Södermanland, Swed.;

anorthoclase, any member of a continuous series of feldspar minerals related to sanidine

anorthosite, type of intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar. All anorthosites found on Earth consist of coarse crystals, but some samples of the rock taken from the Moon are finely crystalline. Most anorthosites formed during Precambrian times.

Cyprus: Political process: …of the Working People (Anorthotiko Komma Ergazomenou Laou; AKEL), founded in 1941. A pro-Moscow communist party that controlled the principal trade union federation, it received about one-third of the vote in the first 25 years of the Republic of Cyprus. Following the collapse of communism in Russia and eastern…

sigmoidoscopy: The proctoscope and anoscope, shorter rigid instruments used to visualize the lower rectum and anus, are used to diagnose and treat hemorrhoids and other lesions in the anorectal area.

human sensory reception: Odour sensitivity: The temporary anosmia (absence of sense of smell) following colds may be complete or partial; in the latter case, only the odours of certain substances are affected. Paranosmia (change in perceived odour quality) also may occur during respiratory infections. Changes in sensitivity are reported to occur in…

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Anostomidae (headstanders) Elongated snout; small mouth with folded or fleshy lips or sucking disk. Head-standing habits. Herbivorous. Aquarium and food fishes. Size to 40 cm (16 inches). South America. 12 genera, at least 137 species. Family Prochilodontidae (flannel-mouth characiforms) Predorsal

headstander: The striped headstander (Anostomus anostomus) has two yellowish orange stripes on each side alternating with black ones. The tail and all fins are bright orange. Some species of headstanders are kept as aquarium fish.

fairy shrimp, any of the crustaceans of the order Anostraca, so called because of their graceful movements and pastel colours. Some grow to 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) or more in length. They occur in freshwater ponds of Europe, Central Asia, western North America, the drier regions of Africa, and

Fernando de Herrera: …clearly set forth in his Anotaciones a las obras de Garcilaso de la Vega (1580; “Notes on the Works of Garcilaso de la Vega”), which praised the Italianate innovations of the poet Garcilaso de la Vega and several other poets of Sevilla. In his own poetry, published as Algunas obras…

frog and toad: From tadpole to adult: The Mexican hylid, Anotheca spinosa, lays its eggs in bromeliads or in water-filled cavities in trees. The small tadpoles, like those of Hyla, feed on aquatic insect larvae, such as those of mosquitoes, but the larger tadpoles of Anotheca apparently feed only on the eggs of frogs.

Barbara Kingsolver: Another America (Otra America) (1991), a poetry collection in English, with a Spanish translation, primarily concerns the struggles of impoverished women against sexual and political abuse, war, and death.

Adam Zagajewski: …memoir W cudzym pięknie (1998; Another Beauty), he wrote of his growing conviction that “a poem, essay, or story must grow from an emotion, an observation, a joy, a sorrow that is my own, and not my nation’s.” His second novel, Cienka kreska (1983; “The Thin Line”), explored the spiritual…

Another Country, novel by James Baldwin, published in 1962. The novel is renowned for its frank portrayal of bisexuality and interracial relations, published in a time when these subjects were taboo. Shortly after the action begins, Rufus Scott, a black jazz musician, commits suicide, impelling his

Rod Stewart: …and the appealing yet uneven Another Country (2015). His 30th studio album, Blood Red Roses (2018), yielded the minor hit song “Didn’t I.” He later released You’re in My Heart: Rod Stewart with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (2019).

Colin Firth: …Guy Burgess in the play Another Country. In 1984 Firth starred in the film adaptation, though he was cast in a different role. Over the next decade Firth worked steadily, appearing in numerous stage, movie, and television productions. In 1988 he received critical praise for the TV film Tumbledown, in…

Brian Eno: …vocal album of his own, Another Day on Earth (2005). He returned to the producer’s chair for Paul Simon’s critically lauded Surprise (2006) and Coldplay’s multi-platinum Viva la Vida (2008).

Kwame Anthony Appiah: …Nobody Likes Letitia (1994), and Another Death in Venice (1995).

Irving Rapper: Later films: Another Man’s Poison (1951) also came from the stage. The crime drama, which was based on Leslie Sands’s play, starred Davis in one of her campiest roles, as a mystery writer who kills her estranged criminal husband when he suddenly reappears. When his partner in…

“Weird Al” Yankovic: Career: …Bus,” a parody of “Another One Bites the Dust” by Queen and “I Love Rocky Road,” which is based on “I Love Rock ’n’ Roll” by Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, originally recorded by the Arrows. Although the recording of parody songs is generally considered fair use according to…

Michael Gordon: Films of the 1940s: …was handed the prestige project Another Part of the Forest (1948), playwright Lillian Hellman’s prequel to The Little Foxes (1941), with the impressive cast of O’Brien, Fredric March, and Dan Duryea.

The Little Foxes: Hellman’s later play Another Part of the Forest (1947) portrays the Hubbard family 20 years prior to the action in The Little Foxes.

Beryl Bainbridge: Another Part of the Wood (1968) concerns a child’s death resulting from adult neglect. Harriet Said (1972) deals with two teenage girls who seduce a man and murder his wife. Other novels in this vein are The Bottle Factory Outing (1974), Sweet William (1975), A…

Antony Gormley: For Another Place (1997; at Crosby in Merseyside, England), for example, Gormley placed 100 cast-iron figures facing out to sea over a 2-mile (3.2-kilometre) stretch of beach. For 6 Times (2010; in Edinburgh), he placed six figures along the Water of Leith, four of them partly…

Tom Robbins: Another Roadside Attraction (1971), anchored by extensive research into early Christianity, is about a native of rural Washington who steals the mummy of Jesus Christ. Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1976; filmed 1994) is the story of a female hitchhiker with enormous thumbs who visits…

Thomas Kinsella: …first volume of collected work; Another September (1958; rev. ed. 1962), which contains poems that explore the imposition of existential order through various forms, be they natural or products of the poet’s imagination; and Downstream (1962), a collection focusing on war and political and social disruption in modern Ireland.

Bob Dylan: …Festival, while previewing songs from Another Side of Bob Dylan, he confounded his core audience by performing songs of a personal nature rather than his signature protest repertoire. Although his new lyrics were as challenging as his earlier compositions, a backlash from purist folk fans began and continued for three…

Rosie O’Donnell: …as Sleepless in Seattle (1993), Another Stakeout (1993), and The Flintstones (1994), the movie version of the classic cartoon. In her first starring role she attempted to broaden her image by playing a policewoman-turned-leather-clad-dominatrix in Exit to Eden (1994), but the movie and O’Donnell’s performance were generally panned by critics.…

W.S. Van Dyke: Powell and Loy, Eddy and MacDonald: Another Thin Man (1939) was a more-expected project, and Van Dyke spun another enjoyable confection; that installment included Nick and Nora Charles’s new baby.

Lewis Allen: In 1958 Allen helmed Another Time, Another Place, in which Lana Turner was cast as a woman suffering a nervous breakdown when her lover (Sean Connery) is killed during World War II. Allen’s last movies were Whirlpool (1959), a British production filmed in West Germany, and Decision at Midnight…

Woody Allen: The 1980s: …took a Bergmanesque approach with Another Woman (1988), in which Gena Rowlands was superb as a philosophy professor who undergoes a life-changing epiphany. Much of the credit for the film’s impact was due to the contribution of Sven Nykvist, the cinematographer for many of Bergman’s greatest films. Allen’s humorous contribution…

Irna Phillips: …As the World Turns (1956–2010), Another World (1964–99), and Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (1967–73), and she created (with Allan Chase and Ted Corday) Days of Our Lives (1965– ).

Mike Leigh: …the world around her, while Another Year (2010) follows a happily married couple and their less-sanguine family and friends. Both films earned Academy Award nominations for best original screenplay. In 2011 Leigh directed the Royal National Theatre debut of his play Grief, about the cloistered existence of a family still…

fish: Annotated classification: Series Anotophysi Order Gonorynchiformes (milkfish, beaked sandfishes, snake mudheads, and relatives) Toothless; with epibranchial organs and a characteristic caudal skeleton. The anterior ribs and vertebrae show affinities with the superorder Ostariophysi, and the group may belong with the

Chao Anu was the ruler of the Lao kingdom of Vientiane who tried unsuccessfully to secure independence for central and southern Laos from its Siamese overlords. In his youth Anu, along with his brother Inthavong, fought with the Siamese against the Burmese. His military ability and bravery won him

Chao Anu was the ruler of the Lao kingdom of Vientiane who tried unsuccessfully to secure independence for central and southern Laos from its Siamese overlords. In his youth Anu, along with his brother Inthavong, fought with the Siamese against the Burmese. His military ability and bravery won him

Chao Anu was the ruler of the Lao kingdom of Vientiane who tried unsuccessfully to secure independence for central and southern Laos from its Siamese overlords. In his youth Anu, along with his brother Inthavong, fought with the Siamese against the Burmese. His military ability and bravery won him

Jean Anouilh was a playwright who became one of the strongest personalities of the French theatre and achieved an international reputation. His plays are intensely personal messages; often they express his love of the theatre as well as his grudges against actors, wives, mistresses, critics,

Jean Anouilh was a playwright who became one of the strongest personalities of the French theatre and achieved an international reputation. His plays are intensely personal messages; often they express his love of the theatre as well as his grudges against actors, wives, mistresses, critics,

tern: There are five species of noddy terns, or noddies, belonging to the genus Anous. Noddies, named for their nodding displays, are tropical birds with wedge-shaped or only slightly forked tails. A distinct type of tern, the Inca tern (Larosterna inca), of Peru and northern Chile, bears distinctive white plumes on…

Chao Anu was the ruler of the Lao kingdom of Vientiane who tried unsuccessfully to secure independence for central and southern Laos from its Siamese overlords. In his youth Anu, along with his brother Inthavong, fought with the Siamese against the Burmese. His military ability and bravery won him

ANOVA, statistical procedure used to compare means of three or more groups. ANOVA tests compare the amount of variance between and within groups to determine whether statistically significant differences exist between their means. Many variations of ANOVA exist, including one-way ANOVA, factorial

Stein-Leventhal syndrome: …infrequent or absent ovulation (anovulation). About 5 percent of women are affected by Stein-Leventhal syndrome, which is responsible for a substantial proportion of cases of female infertility. The syndrome was first described in 1935 when American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr., and Michael L. Leventhal associated the presence of…

uterine bleeding, abnormal bleeding from the uterus, which is not related to menstruation. Menstruation is the normal cyclic bleeding that occurs when the egg has been released from the ovary and fertilization has not occurred. Other episodes of bleeding that cannot be considered part of the normal

African theatre: Ghana: …of a Ghost (1965) and Anowa (1970). Both, however, are works of great stature. The Dilemma of a Ghost is concerned with the arrival in Africa of a black American woman married to a Ghanaian and the struggle she has in coming to terms with her cultural past and with…

coma: …contrast, lack of oxygen (anoxia) may result in a coma that lasts for several weeks and is often fatal. Stroke, a rupture or blockage of vessels supplying blood to the brain, can cause sudden loss of consciousness in some patients, while comas caused by metabolic abnormalities or cerebral tumours…

sawfish: … forming the genera Pristis and Anoxypristis in the family Pristidae. Sawfishes are found in shallow water in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. They are bottom dwellers, frequenting bays and estuaries and sometimes swimming considerable distances up rivers; one species, the largetooth sawfish (P. pristis) lives and breeds in…

renal system: The role of hormones in renal function: This hormone, called atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), exerts a vasodilator effect on the kidney and also reduces tubular reabsorption of sodium. Both actions result in increased urinary elimination of salt and water and tend to restore atrial pressure toward the normal. It is probably an important hormone controlling…

Ella Cara Deloria was a Dakota Sioux scholar, ethnographer, writer, and translator who was a critically important recorder of Sioux culture and languages at a time when the traditional culture was in danger of being lost. Both Deloria’s parents were of mixed Euro-American and Yankton Sioux descent.

An-p’ing, seaport and former town, now a city district (ch’ü, or qu) of T’ai-nan special municipality, southwestern Taiwan. Situated on the Taiwan Strait, it is the traditional port for T’ai-nan. An-p’ing is the oldest Chinese settlement in southern Taiwan, dating from the late 16th century. It is

MiG, Russian aerospace design bureau that is the country’s major producer of jet fighter aircraft. It developed the family of technologically advanced MiG aircraft, including the Soviet Union’s first jet fighter. The MiG design bureau is part of the state-owned multifirm aerospace complex VPK MAPO

MiG, Russian aerospace design bureau that is the country’s major producer of jet fighter aircraft. It developed the family of technologically advanced MiG aircraft, including the Soviet Union’s first jet fighter. The MiG design bureau is part of the state-owned multifirm aerospace complex VPK MAPO

Anubis, ancient Egyptian god of funerary practices and care of the dead, represented by a jackal or the figure of a man with the head of a jackal. In the Early Dynastic period and the Old Kingdom, he enjoyed a preeminent (though not exclusive) position as lord of the dead, but he was later

phoenix: …phoenix was identified with the ʿanqāʾ (Persian: sīmorgh), a huge mysterious bird (probably a heron) that was originally created by God with all perfections but thereafter became a plague and was killed.

Anqing, city situated on the north bank of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in southwestern Anhui sheng (province), China. Situated at a crossing place on the Yangtze, it commands the narrow section of the floodplain between the Dabie Mountains to the north and the Huang Mountains on the south bank,

Tour de France: …have won five Tours each: Jacques Anquetil of France (1957 and 1961–64), Eddy Merckx of Belgium (1969–72 and 1974), Bernard Hinault of France (1978–79, 1981–82, and 1985), and Miguel Indurain of Spain (1991–95).

A.-H. Anquetil-Duperron was a scholar and linguist who was generally credited with supplying the first translation of the Avesta (Zoroastrian scripture) into a modern European language and with awakening interest in the study of Eastern languages and thought. At the University of Paris, Anquetil

A.-H. Anquetil-Duperron was a scholar and linguist who was generally credited with supplying the first translation of the Avesta (Zoroastrian scripture) into a modern European language and with awakening interest in the study of Eastern languages and thought. At the University of Paris, Anquetil

Synthetism: Émile Bernard, Louis Anquetin, and others in the 1880s to emphasize two-dimensional flat patterns, thus breaking with Impressionist art and theory. The style shows a conscious effort to work less directly from nature and to rely more upon memory.

Horacio Cartes: …to enter politics, joining the Colorado Party in 2009 and mounting his own movement within it, though theretofore he had never even voted. When the party, impressed by Cartes’s business acumen, dropped its requirement that an individual be a member of the party for 10 years before becoming a presidential…