sleep paralysis
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- Verywell Health - Symptoms and Causes of Sleep Paralysis
- Healthline - Sleep Paralysis
- Live Science - Sleep Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
- Cleveland Clinic - Sleep Paralysis
- WebMD - Sleep Paralysis
- Sleep Foundation - What is Sleep Paralysis?
- Patient - Sleep Paralysis
- Healthdirect - Sleep paralysis
- Harvard Health Publishing - Sleep paralysis: Causes, symptoms, and treatments
- National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Sleep Paralysis, a Medical Condition with a Diverse Cultural Interpretation
- NHS - Sleep paralysis
- Related Topics:
- paralysis
- narcolepsy
sleep paralysis, total inability to move for a very brief period that occurs as one is either falling asleep or awakening from sleep. Sleep paralysis can affect individuals of any age, and many people experience an episode at some point in their lifetime. Teenagers and young adults and persons with certain psychiatric disorders, including narcolepsy and post-traumatic stress disorder, occasionally experience episodes of sleep paralysis on a somewhat regular basis (e.g., monthly). Sleep paralysis generally is not a serious medical concern, though it can be disturbing and may be a significant source of fear for some individuals.
An episode of sleep paralysis typically is characterized by an inability to move the limbs, body, or head and an inability to speak, with the affected person being completely aware of the paralysis. An episode can last a few seconds or a few minutes. In some instances, sleep paralysis is accompanied by hallucinations. Individuals may report seeing, hearing, or sensing another being or object nearby. Lack of sleep, disrupted sleep, and stress can trigger an episode.
Sleep paralysis does not affect the respiratory system or eyes and is closely associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, major characteristics of which include muscle atonia (extreme relaxation and inability to contract) and vivid dreaming. Muscle paralysis during sleep is considered beneficial in that it prevents individuals from physically acting out dreams during sleep. Sleep paralysis is thought to be an extension of REM sleep, with muscle paralysis accompanied by wakefulness
Sleep paralysis typically can be resolved through proper sleep hygiene and stress reduction. In some instances, affected persons may be treated with cognitive behaviour therapy. Sleep paralysis may be relieved with medication in persons with underlying psychiatric disorders.