size
Learn about this topic in these articles:
animal evolution
- In animal: Evolution of ecological roles
…permitted an increase in body size, which gave rise to successive levels of predators. Quite early in the rapid diversification of animal life, protective hard shells appeared, a defense against predators but later also a means of enabling animals to expand outward from the seas. The intertidal areas, with partial…
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Armillaria fungal mats
- In Armillaria: Largest specimens
mat (mycelium) can reach extraordinary proportions. In 1992 a mat of A. bulbosa was identified in a mixed oak forest near Crystal Falls, in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Genetic testing on sample mushrooms gathered throughout the area determined that all were produced by a single supporting mycelium that extended over more…
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birds
- In bird: General features
…(pneumatic skeletons) because the maximum size attainable by flying birds is limited by the fact that wing area varies as the square of linear proportions, and weight or volume as the cube. During the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) lived a bird called Teratornis incredibilis. Though similar…
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human evolution
- In human evolution: Increasing brain size
Worldwide, average body size also decreased in H. sapiens from 35,000 years ago until very recently, when economically advanced peoples began to grow larger while less-privileged peoples did not.
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primates
- In primate: Size in evolutionary perspective
In evolutionary terms, increase in size has probably played a large part in determining the direction of primate evolution. Early primates of about 50 million years ago were small forest-living creatures whose molar teeth bore high, pointed cusps but were neither as tall nor as pointed as those of their…
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range in living things
- In life: Sizes of organisms
The sizes of organisms on Earth vary greatly and are not always easy to estimate. On the large end, great stands of poplar trees entirely connected by common roots are really a single organism. A variety of influences place an upper limit to…
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