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flow limitation
pathology
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
…as difficulty in exhaling (called flow limitation), which causes increased lung volume and manifests as breathlessness. Other early symptoms of the condition include a “smokers cough” and daily sputum production. Coughing up blood is not a feature of COPD and when present raises concern about a second, tobacco-related condition, particularly…
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