flow limitation

pathology

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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results from the inhalation of noxious particles that cause progressive lung damage. COPD is characterized by emphysema, in which holes form in the walls of lung alveoli, and by excessive mucus production, which causes symptoms of bronchitis.
    In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    …as difficulty in exhaling (called flow limitation), which causes increased lung volume and manifests as breathlessness. Other early symptoms of the condition include a “smokers cough” and daily sputum production. Coughing up blood is not a feature of COPD and when present raises concern about a second, tobacco-related condition, particularly…

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