All-American History Quiz

Question: Which U.S. president signed the Equal Pay Act, which mandated equal pay for equal work?

Answer: The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was a landmark U.S. legislation mandating equal pay for equal work, in a measure to end gender-based disparity. The National War Labor Board first advocated equal pay for equal work in 1942, and an equal pay act was proposed in 1945. Eighteen years later, on June 10, 1963, President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act into law. It was enacted as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which regulates minimum wages, overtime, and child labour.

Question: Which major retailer was founded by Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas, in 1962?

Answer: Walmart, formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., was founded by Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas, in 1962. The American operator of discount stores is one of the world’s biggest retailers and among the world’s largest corporations.

Question: Who was the first boxer to win the world heavyweight championship three times?

Answer: Muhammad Ali was the first fighter to win the world heavyweight championship on three separate occasions. He successfully defended this title 19 times.

Question: Which American historian has two Pulitzer Prizes, two National Book Awards, and two Francis Parkman Prizes?

Answer: David McCullough is an American historian whose exhaustively researched biographies were both popular and praised by critics. His works garnered an impressive list of prizes and awards, including two Pulitzer Prizes, two National Book Awards, and two Francis Parkman Prizes from the Society of American Historians. He was the recipient of the 1995 Charles Frankel Prize of the National Endowment for the Humanities (now the National Humanities Medal) and a 2006 Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Question: In what American state would you find Denali?

Answer: Denali is in Alaska. At 6,194 meters, it is the tallest mountain in North America.

Question: Who was the chief engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge?

Answer: The construction of the Golden Gate Bridge began under the supervision of chief engineer Joseph B. Strauss in January 1933. Upon the Golden Gate Bridge''s completion in 1937, it was the tallest and longest suspension bridge in the world. The Golden Gate Bridge came to be recognized as a symbol of the power and progress of the United States, and it set a precedent for suspension-bridge design around the world.

Question: Which U.S. state is known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes"?

Answer: Minnesota consists of extensive woodlands, fertile prairies, and innumerable lakes—the last the basis for one of the state’s nicknames, “Land of 10,000 Lakes.” Minnesota has about 12,000 lakes, all of which are larger than 10 acres (4 hectares) in area. The nearly 5,000 square miles (13,000 square km) of inland freshwater are a dominant feature in Minnesota.

Question: On what peninsula in Washington would you find the Olympic Mountains?

Answer: The majority of the Olympic Peninsula, between the Pacific Ocean and Puget Sound, is covered by the Olympic Mountains.

Question: Through which national park does the Continental Divide not pass?

Answer: Yosemite National Park, in California, lies west of the Continental Divide.

Question: Who founded Universal Studios in 1912?

Answer: Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, a film exhibitor turned producer who formed the company in 1912. In 2004 the company merged with the National Broadcasting Co., Inc., to form NBC Universal.

Question: Who was president during the majority of the Era of Good Feelings in the United States?

Answer: The Era of Good Feelings was the national mood of the United States from 1815 to 1825, as first described by the Boston Columbian Centinel on July 12, 1817. Although the “era” generally is considered coextensive with President James Monroe’s two terms (1817–25), it began in 1815, when for the first time, American citizens could afford to pay less attention to European political and military affairs.

Question: Where is Denali located?

Answer: Denali, or Mount McKinley, is the highest peak in North America. It is located near the center of the Alaska Range, with two summits rising above the Denali Fault, in south-central Alaska, U.S. Denali''s official elevation of 20,310 feet (6,190 metres) was established by the United States Geological Survey in September 2015.

Question: In what year did the Liberty Bell ring for the last time?

Answer: The Liberty Bell was rung for the last time for George Washington’s birthday in 1846, when the bell cracked irreparably. It is a traditional symbol of U.S. freedom, commissioned in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House (renamed Independence Hall) in Philadelphia.

Question: Which of these skyscrapers was formerly known as the Sears Tower?

Answer: The Willis Tower, formerly (1973–2009) Sears Tower, is a skyscraper office building in Chicago, Illinois; it is one of the world’s tallest buildings. The Sears Tower opened to tenants in 1973, though construction was not actually completed until 1974. In 2009 the London-based insurance broker Willis Group Holdings (later called Willis Towers Watson) leased more than 140,000 square feet of office space on three floors of the Sears Tower. The contract included naming rights for 15 years. On July 16, 2009, the name of the building was officially changed to Willis Tower.

Question: What is the capital of Illinois?

Answer: The capital of Illinois is Springfield, which is located along the Sangamon River in the central part of the state.

Question: Who was the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress?

Answer: Shirley Chisholm was the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1968 she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, defeating the civil rights leader James Farmer. Chisholm, a founder of the National Women’s Political Caucus, supported the Equal Rights Amendment and legalized abortions throughout her congressional career, which lasted from 1969 to 1983.

Question: Which American novelist''s pseudonym is Mark Twain?

Answer: Mark Twain is the pseudonym used by Samuel Langhorne Clemens, an American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame for his travel narratives and for his adventure stories of boyhood.

Question: Which U.S. state was once part of Mexico?

Answer: The territory of Texas was part of the country of Mexico from 1821 to 1836, when it gained its independence, and it had a short-lived existence as a republic before joining the Union in 1845.

Question: What is the name of Thomas Jefferson''s home?

Answer: Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, is located in south-central Virginia, U.S., about 2 miles (3 km) southeast of Charlottesville. It was constructed between 1768 and 1809 and is one of the finest examples of the early Classical Revival style in the United States. Monticello was designated a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1987.

Question: Which Teton Dakota Indian chief participated in Buffalo Bill''s Wild West show?

Answer: Sitting Bull was a Teton Dakota Indian chief under whom the Sioux peoples united in their struggle for survival on the North American Great Plains. In 1885 Sitting Bull joined Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show, in which he gained international fame.

Question: Which of these U.S. states was the first in the country to grant women the right to vote?

Answer: Wyoming was the first state in the country to approve a constitution that included a provision granting women the right to vote.

Question: In which city was the first practical subway line in the United States constructed?

Answer: The first practical subway line in the United States was constructed in Boston between 1895 and 1897. It was 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and at first used trolley streetcars, or tramcars. Later, Boston acquired conventional subway trains.

Question: Which U.S. political party is known as the Grand Old Party?

Answer: The Republican Party acquired the acronym GOP, widely understood as “Grand Old Party,” in the 1870s.

Question: In which city is the Empire State Building located?

Answer: The Empire State Building was completed in New York City in 1931 and was the tallest building in the world until 1971. It is located in Midtown Manhattan, on Fifth Avenue at 34th Street.

Question: Which of these people was a founder of the Standard Oil Company?

Answer: John D. Rockefeller, along with a few associates, founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. The company’s origins date to 1863, when Rockefeller joined Maurice B. Clark and Samuel Andrews in a Cleveland, Ohio, oil-refining business. In 1865 Rockefeller bought out Clark, and two years later he invited Henry M. Flagler to join as a partner in the venture. By 1870 the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews, and Flagler was operating the largest refineries in Cleveland, and these and related facilities became the property of the new Standard Oil Company, incorporated in Ohio in 1870.

Question: When did Maurice and Richard McDonald open the first McDonald’s restaurant?

Answer: The first McDonald’s restaurant was started in 1948 by brothers Maurice (“Mac”) and Richard McDonald in San Bernardino, California. The American fast-food chain is now one of the largest in the world, known for its hamburgers.

Question: Who was the first American woman to travel into outer space?

Answer: Sally Ride was an American astronaut and the first American woman to travel into outer space. On June 18, 1983, she became the first American woman in space while rocketing into orbit aboard the shuttle orbiter Challenger.

Question: For her efforts in leading bondmen to freedom along the route of the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman gained which nickname?

Answer: Harriet Tubman led hundreds of bondmen to freedom in the North along the route of the Underground Railroad—an elaborate secret network of safe houses organized for that purpose. By her extraordinary courage, ingenuity, persistence, and iron discipline, which she enforced upon her charges, Tubman became the railroad’s most famous conductor and was known as the Moses of her people.

Question: Who was the first Black woman to win an Olympic gold medal?

Answer: Alice Coachman was the first Black woman to win an Olympic gold medal; she won the gold medal for the high jump at the 1948 Olympics in London. Coachman was also the only American woman to win a gold medal in that year’s Games.

Question: What was the first national monument in the United States?

Answer: Devils Tower National Monument was the first U.S. national monument. It was established in 1906 in Wyoming, near the Belle Fourche River. It encompasses 2.1 square miles (5.4 square km) and features a natural rock tower, the remnant of a volcanic intrusion now exposed by erosion.

Question: How many versions did the American flag have?

Answer: In all, from 1777 to 1960 (after the admission of Hawaii as a state in 1959), there were 27 versions of the flag of the United States of America—25 involving changes in the stars only. An executive order signed by Pres. William Howard Taft on October 29, 1912, standardized for the first time the proportions and relative sizes of the elements of the flag; in 1934 the exact shades of color were standardized.

Question: Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution formally abolished slavery in 1865?

Answer: The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) to the Constitution of the United States formally abolished slavery. Although the words "slavery" and "slave" are never mentioned in the Constitution, the Thirteenth Amendment abrogated those sections of the Constitution which had tacitly codified the “peculiar institution." The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, but did not pass in the House until January 31, 1865.

Question: Which Massachusetts infantry unit, made up of African Americans, was famous for its fighting prowess and exceptional courage during the American Civil War?

Answer: The 54th Regiment, or Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, was a Massachusetts infantry unit made up of African Americans that was active during the American Civil War. The regiment became famous for its fighting prowess and the great courage of its members. The abolitionist governor of Massachusetts, John Andrew, assembled the 54th Regiment in early 1863.

Question: Which professional sports league was formed in the United States in 1949?

Answer: The National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed in the United States in 1949 by the merger of two rival organizations, the National Basketball League and the Basketball Association of America.

Question: Which of these buildings was designed by architect Minoru Yamasaki?

Answer: Minoru Yamasaki is perhaps best known for the World Trade Center, a complex of several buildings built on a 16-acre (6.5-hectare) site in New York City. The complex was notable for its 110-story twin towers (1970–72), which, until their destruction by terrorists in 2001, were among the world’s tallest structures.

Question: In the U.S. presidential election of 1968, which Democratic candidate did Richard Nixon defeat?

Answer: Hubert Humphrey was the presidential candidate of the Democratic Party in 1968. Humphrey lost by only 510,000 votes, one of the slimmest margins in any U.S. presidential election.

Question: Which Founding Father invented bifocal glasses?

Answer: Benjamin Franklin, one of the foremost of the Founding Fathers, also made important contributions to science, especially in the understanding of electricity and bifocal lenses.

Question: In which American organization did female pilots serve during World War II?

Answer: The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) was a U.S. Army Air Forces program that tasked some 1,100 civilian women with noncombat military flight duties during World War II. The Women Airforce Service Pilots were the first women to fly U.S. military aircraft.

Question: Which famous sculptor created the Statue of Liberty?

Answer: Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi was a French sculptor known for designing the Statue of Liberty in the New York Harbour. Bartholdi designed the statue on his initiative and was able to see its construction in Paris through using funds he raised in both France and the United States.

Question: Which states does the Natchez Trace Parkway join?

Answer: The Natchez Trace Parkway begins in Natchez, Mississippi, and ends near Nashville, Tennessee. It generally follows a trail once used by the Choctaw, Natchez, and Chickasaw.

Question: Who was the first African American actor to win an Academy Award for best actor?

Answer: Bahamian American actor, director, and producer Sidney Poitier broke the colour barrier in the U.S. motion-picture industry by becoming the first African American actor to win an Academy Award for best actor.

Question: Liberia''s capital city was named after which U.S. President?

Answer: Liberia''s capital is Monrovia; it was founded during the administration of U.S. Pres. James Monroe, for whom it was named.

Question: In what year did Barack Obama receive the Nobel Peace Prize?

Answer: Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."

Question: In which city is Elfreth''s Alley, the oldest continuously inhabited street in the United States, located?

Answer: Elfreth''s Alley, which dates back to 1702, is located in Philadelphia. It contains 33 houses. Included in the complex are Carpenter''s Hall, the site of the meeting of the First Continental Congress, and Philosophical Hall, home of the American Philosophical Society.

Question: Which of these is known as the "Gateway to the West"?

Answer: The Gateway Arch is a monument in St. Louis, Missouri, that sits along the west bank of the Mississippi River. It takes its name from the city’s role as the "Gateway to the West" during the westward expansion of the United States in the 19th century.

Question: In what year was the Social Security Act enacted in the United States?

Answer: The Social Security Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1935. It established a permanent national old-age pension system through employer and employee contributions; the system was later extended to include dependents, the disabled, and other groups.

Question: Which of these is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States?

Answer: Harvard University is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States (founded 1636) and one of the nation’s most prestigious. It is one of the Ivy League schools.

Question: How many U.S. presidents are depicted on Mount Rushmore?

Answer: The faces of four U.S. presidents are carved into the granite of Mount Rushmore: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Each face is about 60 feet (18 metres) tall.

Question: What automobile brand was named after Henry Ford’s only son?

Answer: Henry Ford named the ill-fated Edsel division after his only son, Edsel Ford.

Question: Which U.S. president was the first to appear on television?

Answer: Appearing at the 1939 World’s Fair in New York City, Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first U.S. president to be televised.

Question: Who was the only woman and the only American to die during the yellow fever experiments of 1900–01?

Answer: American nurse Clara Maass was the only woman and the only American to die during the yellow fever experiments of 1900–01. On August 14, 1901, Maass allowed herself to be bitten by an infected Stegomyia fasciata mosquito (later renamed Aedes aegypti). Contrary to expectations, however, Maass came down with a severe fever and died 10 days later.

Question: When was the Bay Psalm Book first published?

Answer: The Bay Psalm Book, printed in 1640, is perhaps the oldest book now in existence that was published in British North America. It was prepared by Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it included a dissertation on the lawfulness and necessity of singing psalms in church.

Question: Which United States political pressure group opposed aid to the Allies during World War II?

Answer: The America First Committee was an influential political pressure group in the United States (1940–41) that opposed aid to the Allies in World War II because it feared direct American military involvement in the conflict. The committee claimed a membership of 800,000 and attracted such leaders as General Robert E. Wood, the aviator Charles A. Lindbergh, and Senator Gerald P. Nye.

Question: When was the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations founded?

Answer: The American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations, an American federation of autonomous labor unions, was formed in 1955 by the merger of the AFL (founded 1886), which originally organized workers in craft unions, and the CIO (founded 1935), which organized workers by industries.

Question: What is a nickname for people from Maine?

Answer: Residents of Maine are sometimes called Down-Easters.

Question: Who was the first woman to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court?

Answer: Sandra Day O’Connor was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. She was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court.

Question: Which war interrupted construction of the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.?

Answer: Construction of the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., began in 1848. It was interrupted by the Civil War. The monument was officially dedicated in 1885 and opened to the public in 1888.

Question: In which city would you find the Statue of Liberty?

Answer: The Statue of Liberty is located in New York City on Liberty Island, in New York Harbor.

Question: Who was the founder of the American Red Cross?

Answer: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross, a national affiliate of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, to provide assistance for Americans suffering from disasters or serving on the battlefield.

Question: Which state seceded from Virginia in 1863?

Answer: West Virginia seceded from Virginia during the Civil War, in 1863.

Question: In what year was the New York Stock Exchange founded?

Answer: The New York Stock Exchange is one of the world''s largest marketplaces for securities and other exchange-traded investments. It was formally constituted as the New York Stock and Exchange Board in 1817. The present name was adopted in 1863.

Question: In 1987, "The Stars and Stripes Forever" was designated as the official march of the United States. Who composed it?

Answer: John Philip Sousa was an American bandmaster and composer of military marches. Sousa is best known for composing the patriotic "The Stars and Stripes Forever." In 1987 "The Stars and Stripes Forever" was designated as the official march of the United States.