Torreón, city, southwestern Coahuila estado (state), northeastern Mexico. It lies along the Nazas River at an elevation of 3,674 feet (1,120 meters). Torreón is one of northern Mexico’s main centers for manufacturing, services, and commercial agriculture.
Indigenous peoples inhabited the Torreón area thousands of years prior to the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 1500s. Ranches and farms eventually developed near the Nazas, utilizing its waters for irrigation, and by the mid-19th century a torreón (watchtower) was built near the river. The cluster of homesteads that coalesced around the tower became known as Torreón Ranch. In 1883 it was linked by railroad with Mexico City, and it developed as a livestock and mining center. It was officially founded as a village in 1893.
Torreón grew rapidly after 1936, when Pres. Lázaro Cárdenas initiated one of the largest state-operated agricultural projects in Mexico in the Laguna Region (also called the Laguna District), an arid basin east of Torreón. The project extensively irrigated the basin with water from deep wells and the Nazas River and, together with mechanized agriculture, turned it into one of Mexico’s chief agricultural districts, with Torreón as its administrative and commercial center. Excessive irrigation had adversely affected the district’s agriculture by the late 20th century, resulting in a declining water table and soil salinization in many areas. However, the economies of Torreón and adjacent Gómez Palacio (directly west, across the border in Durango state) were increasingly diversified.
Traditional industries include food processing, along with cotton and flour mills, but the manufacturing sector now depends largely on iron and steel mills, petrochemical plants, and maquiladoras (export-oriented factories) that produce automobile parts, clothing, and other consumer products. Machinery, farming and mining equipment, and furniture are also important. Torreón remains a service center for the mining of silver, gold, copper, lead, zinc, fluorite, marble, and other minerals in its vicinity. The irrigated hinterland yields cotton, wheat, and truck crops, as well as livestock, poultry, and dairy products. The city is accessible by railroad, highway, and air. Pop. (2010) 611,447; La Laguna (Comarca Lagunera, Torreón–Gómez Palacio) metro. area, 1,215,817; (2020) 690,193; La Laguna (Comarca Lagunera, Torreón–Gómez Palacio) metro. area, 1,434,283.