static random access memory (SRAM), type of random access memory that gives fast access to data but is physically relatively large. Random access memory (RAM) is computer main memory in which specific contents can be accessed (read or written) directly by the central processing unit (CPU) in a very short time regardless of the sequence (and hence location) in which they were recorded. SRAM consists of flip-flops, bistable circuits composed of four to six transistors. Once a flip-flop stores a bit, it keeps that value until the opposite value is stored in it. SRAM is used primarily for small amounts of memory called registers in a computer’s CPU and for fast “cache” memory.
In contrast, dynamic RAM (DRAM) stores each bit in an electrical capacitor rather than in a flip-flop, using a transistor as a switch to charge or discharge the capacitor. Because it has fewer electrical components, a DRAM storage cell is smaller than SRAM. However, access to its value is slower, and, because capacitors gradually leak charges, stored values must be recharged approximately 50 times per second. In a SRAM chip each memory cell stores a binary digit (1 or 0) for as long as power is supplied. In a DRAM chip the charge on individual memory cells must be refreshed periodically in order to retain data. DRAM is generally used for main memory because the same size chip can hold several times as much DRAM as SRAM.