Piqua, city, Miami county, western Ohio, U.S., on the Great Miami River, 27 miles (43 km) north of Dayton. The original Shawnee village of Piqua (the name, from a term meaning “man who arose from the ashes,” comes from a local Shawnee clan’s creation story), near present-day Springfield, was destroyed by George Rogers Clark and his Kentucky volunteers in 1780 during the American Revolutionary War. The Shawnee then moved to the present site, where they established two settlements, Upper and Lower Piqua. In 1793 Gen. “Mad” Anthony Wayne built Fort Piqua near Upper Piqua, and from there the Shawnee chief Tecumseh departed in 1796 for the headwaters of the Whitewater in Indiana. A town called Washington was subsequently laid out on the site in 1807.
Renamed Piqua in 1816, it developed as a flatboat river port trading in corn (maize), flour, bacon, flax, and especially linseed oil; it was incorporated in 1823. The completion of the Miami and Erie Canal (1837) and the arrival of the railroads (1850s) gave impetus to its growth as an industrial community (manufactures include aircraft equipment, felt, oil-milling machinery, industrial pumps and fans, and metal castings). The Piqua Historical Area State Memorial, a 200-acre (80-hectare) park, includes the John Johnston Farmhouse (1810–15), a restored section of the canal, and the Historic Indian Museum and is the site of the annual Piqua Heritage Festival (September). Piqua is the seat of Edison Community College (1973). The Mills Brothers vocal group began their career in the city, where all of the original members were born. Inc. city, 1835. Pop. (2000) 20,738; (2010) 20,522.