Petrolina, city, southwestern Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It lies on the left (north) bank of the São Francisco River, just across from Juazeiro, in Bahia state, with which it is linked by bridge. Petrolina is one of Brazil’s leading fruit-producing areas. The city is the northern terminus of a railroad running northwestward from Senhor do Bonfim in Bahia state and is also accessible by highway and air. Pop. (2010) 293,962.