Oyama, city, Tochigi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Omoi River. A castle town in early times, it became a post station and river port during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). The transport centre of southern Tochigi prefecture, Oyama is the hub of three major railways. Communication facilities and proximity to Tokyo made the city an industrial suburb of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area after World War II. Major industries include the manufacture of mining and transport equipment and the refining of aluminum. The commercial sector of the economy has shown only slow growth; dried gourd shavings are a special product of the surrounding region. The Oyama Radio Transmitting Station, one of the largest in Japan, is located outside the city. Pop. (2005) 160,150; (2010) 164,454.