Menongue, town, southeastern Angola. It was originally named for Alexandre Alberto da Rocha de Serpa Pinto, a late 19th-century Portuguese explorer of the interior of southern Africa. Located on the Cuebe River (a tributary of the Okavango [Kubango] River) at an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 metres), it is a garrison town and market centre for the surrounding sparsely populated, semiarid region. Cattle and subsistence crops of corn (maize) and other vegetables are raised by the Nganguela and Chokwe peoples, and trade in cattle and hides and skins is locally important. Chokwe artists are noted for their traditional masks and wooden sculptures of human beings. Nearby Chitequeta was the site of a notable incursion by South African forces in 1981 that destroyed the military headquarters of the South West Africa People’s Organization located there.
Menongue is the inland terminus of a 470-mile (756-km) railway from the Atlantic port of Moçâmedes (formerly Namibe). The railway, however, did not function on a regular basis during Angola’s civil war (1975–2002) and sustained damage from the lengthy conflict. In the years following the end of the war, sections of the railway were repaired and reopened for use. Pop. (2014) 251,178.