Liepāja, city and port, Latvia, on the west (Baltic Sea) coast at the northern end of Lake Liepāja. First recorded in 1253, when it was a small Kurish settlement, Liepāja was the site of a fortress built by the knights of the Teutonic Order in 1263. It was created a town in 1625, and in 1697–1703 a canal was cut to the sea and a port was built. In 1701, during the Great Northern War, Liepāja was captured by Charles XII of Sweden, but the end of the war saw the city in Polish possession. It was taken by Russia in the Third Partition of Poland, in 1795.
Liepāja’s importance as a port, especially for grain export, was greatly stimulated in 1876 by the construction of the railway from Romny, Ukraine. In 1893 a naval port was built, and its function as a naval base persisted through World Wars I and II, when the city suffered heavy damage, to the present. Modern Liepāja has important industries, producing steel, agricultural machinery, linoleum, sugar, canned fish, textiles, and footwear. It is a deep-sea fishing base and has several schools including a college of navigation and a branch of the Riga Polytechnic Institute. After the accession of Latvia to the European Union in 2004, the city became a popular summer holiday destination for foreign tourists. Pop. (2021 est.) 67,964.