List of Provinces and Territories of Canada

Canada is the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), measuring more than 3.8 million square miles (nearly 10 million square kilometers). It consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories that vary greatly in size. The combination of vast area and discontinuous settlement has led to a strong sense of regionalism in Canada, and popular regional terms often overlap. The Atlantic Provinces include all of the Appalachian region except the Quebec portion. If the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is excluded, the three remaining east-coast provinces are called the Maritime Provinces, or the Maritimes. Quebec and Ontario are usually referred to separately but sometimes together, as Central Canada. The West usually means all four provinces west of Ontario, but British Columbia may be referred to alone and the other three collectively as the Prairie Provinces, or the Prairies. Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut are referred to as the North.

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• • Capital: Edmonton
• • Population: (2021) 4,262,635; (2023 est.) 4,756,408
• • Provincial motto: “Fortis et liber” (“Strong and free”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1905

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• • Capital: Victoria
• • Population: (2021) 5,000,879; (2023 est.) 5,581,127
• • Provincial motto: “Slendor sine occasu” (“Splendor without diminishment”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1871

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• • Capital: Winnipeg
• • Population: (2021) 1,342,153; (2023 est.) 1,465,440
• • Provincial motto: “Glorious and free”
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1870

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• • Capital: Fredericton
• • Population: (2021) 775,610; (2023 est.) 842,725
• • Provincial motto: “Spem reduxit” (“Hope was restored”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1867

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• • Capital: St. John’s
• • Population: (2021) 510,550; (2023 est.) 521,542
• • Provincial motto: “Quaerite prime Regnum Dei” (“Seek ye first the Kingdom of God”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1949

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• • Capital: Yellowknife
• • Population: (2021) 41,070; (2023 est.) 44,760
• • Territorial motto: none
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1870

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• • Capital: Halifax
• • Population: (2021) 969,383; (2023 est.) 1,066,416
• • Provincial motto: “Munit haec et altera vincit” (“One defends and the other conquers”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1867

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• • Capital: Iqaluit
• • Population: (2021) 36,858; (2023 est.) 40,817
• • Territorial motto: “Nunavut saginivut” (“Nunavut, our strength”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1999

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• • Capital: Toronto
• • Population: (2021) 14,223,942; (2023 est.) 15,801,768
• • Provincial motto: “Ut incepit fidelis sic permanet” (“Loyal it began, loyal it remains”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1867

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• • Capital: Charlottetown
• • Population: (2021) 154,331; (2023 est.) 175,853
• • Provincial motto: “Parva sub ingenti” (“The small under the protection of the great”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1873

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• • Capital: Quebec
• • Population: (2021) 8,501,833; (2023 est.) 8,948,540
• • Provincial motto: “Je me souviens” (“I remember”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1867

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• • Capital: Regina
• • Population: (2021) 1,132,505; (2023 est.) 1,218,976
• • Provincial motto: “Multis e gentibis vires” (“From many peoples, strength”)
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1905

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• • Capital: Whitehorse
• • Population: (2021) 40,232; (2023 est.) 45,148
• • Territorial motto: none
• • Year admitted to the confederation: 1898