Peter J. Ratcliffe

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Adolf Hitler (Nazi, nazism, German leader).

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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. Engraving by Cosomo Colombini (d. 1812) after a Leonardo self portrait. Ca. 1500.

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Woman tied to a ducking stool, a method of punishment by means of humiliation, beating, or death. (cucking stool)

8 Unusual Punishments Inflicted on Women Throughout History

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An ancient egyptian hieroglyphic painted carving showing the falcon headed god Horus seated on a throne and holding a golden fly whisk. Before him are the Pharoah Seti and the goddess Isis. Interior wall of the temple to Osiris at Abydos, Egypt.

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New York NY/ USA- November 23, 2018 Hordes of shoppers throng the Macy's Herald Square flagship store in New York looking for bargains on the day after Thanksgiving, Black Friday.

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Aphrodite. Greek mythology. Sculpture. Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love and beauty.

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Peter J. Ratcliffe: Facts & Related Content

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Facts

Also Known As	Sir Peter John Ratcliffe
Born	May 14, 1954 (age 70) • Lancashire • England
Awards And Honors	Nobel Prize (2019)
Subjects Of Study	cancer • erythropoietin • hypoxia • hypoxia-inducible factor • kidney • prolyl hydroxylation • tumour

Gregg L. Semenza

American physician

William G. Kaelin, Jr.

American physician and medical researcher

Carol W. Greider

Carol W. Greider

American molecular biologist

James P. Allison

American immunologist

Harold Varmus

Harold Varmus

American scientist

Elizabeth Blackburn

Elizabeth Blackburn

American molecular biologist and biochemist

John O'Keefe

John O’Keefe

British-American neuroscientist

Sir Charles Sherrington.

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington

British physiologist

Nurse, Paul

Paul Nurse

British scientist

Sir John Robert Vane

British biochemist

Andrew Fielding Huxley

Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley

British physiologist

Sir Henry Dale, 1956.

Sir Henry Dale

British physiologist

Frederick Gowland Hopkins

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins

British biochemist

Lord Adrian. 1956.

Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian

British electrophysiologist

Lord Florey.

Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey

Australian pathologist

David Baltimore.

David Baltimore

American virologist

J. Michael Bishop

American scientist

Tasuku Honjo

Japanese immunologist

E. Donnall Thomas

American physician

Renato Dulbecco, 1966.

Renato Dulbecco

Italian-American virologist