Muḥammad I
Spanish Umayyad caliph
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role in Muslim rule in Spain
- In Spain: The independent emirate
His successors Muḥammad I (852–886), al-Mundhir (886–888), and ʿAbd Allāh (888–912) were confronted with a new problem, which threatened to do away with the power of the Umayyads—the muwallads. Having become more and more conscious of their power, they rose in revolt in the north of the…
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