Hrishikesh Mukherjee
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Hrishikesh Mukherjee (born September 30, 1922, Calcutta [now Kolkata], India—died August 27, 2006, Mumbai, India) was an Indian filmmaker who, in a Bollywood career that spanned more than four decades (1953–98), made some 50 Hindi-language films.
Mukherjee began his career as a film editor in Calcutta’s Bengali-language film industry in the 1940s, but he moved to Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1951 to work as an assistant director to renowned filmmaker Bimal Roy. An avid student of the craft of filmmaking, Mukherjee explored several innovative narrative techniques. His directorial debut, Musafir (1957), was an ambitious, if unsuccessful, experiment in episodic structuring. The effort attracted the attention of actor-director Raj Kapoor, who was impressed by the film’s content and technique, which were far ahead of their time. Kapoor recommended Mukherjee as the director for Anari (1959), starring himself and Nutan. Commercially successful and critically acclaimed, Anari brought well-deserved recognition for Mukherjee.
Some of Mukherjee’s noteworthy films from the 1960s include Anuradha (1961), in which he dealt with the alienation of an idealistic husband and his ambitious wife, and Anupama (1966), which told the tale of a daughter forsaken by her hostile father. It was in the 1970s, however, that Mukherjee’s oeuvre hit its peak. At the start of that decade, he made what most consider to be his masterpiece, the emotionally engrossing Anand (1971), featuring gripping performances by Bollywood heartthrob Rajesh Khanna and emerging star Amitabh Bachchan. Anand represented the epitome of Mukherjee’s mature style; technical flourishes and camera tricks were absent, and his direction emphasized pure narrative. Mukherjee’s later films included Guddi (1971), Bawarchi (1972), Abhimaan (1973), Chupke Chupke (1975), Golmaal (1979), and Khubsoorat (1980).
As action- and angst-filled cinema came to dominate in the 1980s, Mukherjee’s style became obsolete. He turned to television briefly, directing serials such as Talaash. In 1999 he attempted a directorial comeback with Jhooth Bole Kauwa Kaate, but the film was panned by critics and failed commercially.
For his contributions to Indian cinema, Mukherjee was honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award (1999) for lifetime achievement in filmmaking and the Padma Vibhushan (2001), India’s second highest civilian award.