G.M. Sprengtporten

G.M. Sprengtporten (born Aug. 16, 1740, Gammelbacka, Fin.—died Oct. 13, 1819, St. Petersburg, Russia) was a soldier and politician who successfully conspired to bring Sweden’s grand duchy, Finland, into the Russian Empire.

Sprengtporten first achieved prominence in August 1772, when, as a major in the Swedish Army in Finland, he joined his half brother, Baron J.M. Sprengtporten, in leading a successful coup d’etat, which secured absolute power for King Gustav III. Feeling ill-rewarded for his part in the coup, and dissatisfied with the inadequacy of defense fortifications in Finland, Sprengtporten, now a colonel, resigned his commission in 1777.

For the next few years Sprengtporten was in contact with Russian diplomats in various European capitals to promote schemes for affiliating Finland with Russia. In 1786 he entered Russian service as a major general. During the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–90, he led Russian forces against the Swedes and negotiated with the traitorous Swedish and Finnish officers of the Anjala League. When the two powers again went to war in 1808, the complete occupation of Finland by Russia soon became inevitable, and Sprengtporten urged Tsar Alexander I to grant Finland complete independence under a member of the Romanov dynasty. Although his suggestion was not accepted, he undoubtedly influenced the Tsar’s decision to honour Finland’s constitution after Sweden ceded the grand duchy to Russia in September 1809. Sprengtporten served briefly (1808–09) as Finland’s only non-Russian governor general during the union of the two states. He was made a count in 1809.