Eliza Roxey Snow Smith

Eliza Roxey Snow Smith (born Jan. 21, 1804, Becket, Mass., U.S.—died Dec. 5, 1887, Salt Lake City, Utah [U.S.]) was an American Mormon leader and poet, a major figure in defining the role of Mormon women through her work in numerous church organizations.

Eliza Snow grew up from the age of two in Mantua, Ohio. Her family was deeply religious and in the 1820s joined the Campbellite sect of “reformed Baptists.” Mormon proselytizers went to their region of Ohio about 1830, and in 1831 Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism, called at the Snow home. In 1835 Eliza Snow and her mother joined the Mormons, and in April she was baptized by Smith at the Mormon settlement in Kirtland.

In December 1836 Snow moved to Kirtland and became a boarding governess to Joseph Smith’s children. She also conducted a school for girls. She accompanied the Mormon migration to Jackson county, Missouri, and thence back to Nauvoo, Illinois. In 1841, after Smith’s revelation concerning polygamy, she became one of Joseph Smith’s wives. In Nauvoo she played a leading part in creating the role of women in the Mormon church.

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Persecution of the Mormons led to Joseph Smith’s murder in 1844 and to the migration of most of his followers to Utah. Eliza Smith made the journey in 1847 in one of the first companies of Mormon pioneers. In 1849 she became one of the Mormon leader Brigham Young’s wives. She continued to be active in church work, and in 1866 she became general president of the Women’s Relief Society. In that post she oversaw the development of cooperative stores, women’s classes, various charitable works, and the opening of a women’s hospital in 1882. In 1869 Young gave her responsibility for the newly organized Young Ladies’ Retrenchment Association, a group formed to combat a decline in public decorum. Under her guidance the association evolved in 1878 into the Young Ladies’ Mutual Improvement Association, which remained an important lay organization in the church. In 1880 she was named president of Mormon women’s organizations throughout the world.

Smith, who had earned a local reputation as a poet in her youth, continued to write throughout her life. Of her several hymns, “O My Father, Thou That Dwellest” is the best known. She published two volumes of poems and a biography of her brother Lorenzo Snow.