Carrie Lam

Carrie Lam (born May 13, 1957, Hong Kong) is a civil servant and politician in Hong Kong who served as the fourth chief executive (2017–22) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of China.

Carrie was born and raised in Hong Kong. She attended St. Francis’ Canossian School and College for 13 years. She then attended the University of Hong Kong, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Social Science degree in 1980. That same year she began working for the Hong Kong government administration. She was sent to Great Britain to attend a development studies diploma course at the University of Cambridge in 1981–82. While there she met Lam Siu-por, whom she married in 1984. They have two sons.

Beginning in the 1980s, Carrie Lam held numerous public service positions in such areas as health, welfare, and finance. She ascended to higher-level posts in the 2000s, including director of social welfare (2000–03), secretary for housing, planning, and lands (2003–04), and head of the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (2004–06), before rising to the level of principal official (a senior-level politically appointed position) when she was named secretary of development in 2007. Throughout her years of service, Lam earned a reputation as being tough, hardworking, and a perfectionist.

In 2012 Lam was named chief secretary for administration. While in this post one of her tasks was heading up a committee on constitutional reform, which included examining how Hong Kong’s chief executive and Legislative Council (LegCo) should be elected. The reform effort of primary concern to Hong Kong citizens was consideration for the ability to directly elect Hong Kong’s chief executive, an option provided for under Hong Kong’s governing Basic Law but different from the current method of having the 1,200-member Election Committee electing someone to fill that position. The proposal put forth in August 2014 by Lam’s committee and approved by Beijing was for Hong Kongers to directly elect the chief executive but only from a slate of candidates approved by the mainland government. Without the ability to openly nominate candidates, this proposal fell short of the desired level of universal suffrage and sparked months of pro-democracy sit-ins and demonstrations, referred to as Occupy Central and the Umbrella Movement. LegCo voted on the proposal in June 2015, and, to Lam’s disappointment, it was soundly defeated.

Lam resigned as chief secretary in January 2017 in order to stand for the position of chief executive. She was elected to the post in March, receiving 777 votes out of 1,194 from Hong Kong’s Election Committee, and was sworn in on July 1, 2017. As the top executive in the HKSAR administration, Lam soon faced more challenges related to the increasingly difficult act of balancing Hong Kongers’ demands for democratic reform and protections for their autonomy with the will of China’s mainland government. The introduction of an unpopular extradition bill in 2019 that Lam supported evoked much criticism and led to months of protests. The bill, which would permit the extradition of Hong Kong citizens to mainland China, had many in the HKSAR fearing it would infringe on their political freedoms and be used to intimidate those critical of the mainland government. Lam first refused to withdraw or alter the bill, although she later reversed course and suspended it in June in the face of growing protests and violence. The bill’s suspension was not enough to calm the unrest, and protesters continued to call for the bill to be fully withdrawn, among other demands. Some also called for her resignation. In September Lam announced that the bill would be formally withdrawn, which it was in October. Demonstrations continued, however, having by this time taken on a broader pro-democracy tone. Popular support for the protesters’ sentiments was evident in the decisive victory of pro-democracy groups in the local elections, held in November. Lam admitted that their victory reflected dissatisfaction with her administration and promised to listen to their concerns.

Tensions were still simmering when Lam was faced with another crisis: in May 2020 the mainland China government announced that it would impose a national security law on Hong Kong, completely bypassing LegCo. While Lam welcomed the announcement and promised to work with Beijing in implementing it, the announcement of the new law stoked fear among Hong Kong’s pro-democracy activists and residents. The law would criminalize acts such as sedition, secession, and subversion, and people feared that it could be broadly interpreted by authorities to quell protests and other forms of dissent against the Chinese government and to reduce Hong Kong’s autonomy. In defending the proposed law before it was passed, Lam maintained that it would not affect the rights of Hong Kongers. It was implemented on June 30, 2020.

In April 2022 Lam announced that she would not stand for another term as chief executive. She stepped down at the end of her term on July 1, 2022.

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