Amitav Ghosh

Amitav Ghosh (born July 11, 1956, Calcutta [now Kolkata], India) is an Indian-born writer whose ambitious novels use complex narrative strategies to probe the nature of national and personal identity, particularly of the people of India and Southeast Asia. He received the Jnanpith Award in 2018.

As a child, Ghosh, whose father was a diplomat, lived in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Iran. He received a B.A. in 1976 and an M.A. in 1978 from the University of Delhi; at about the same time, he also worked as a newspaper reporter and editor. He subsequently attended the University of Oxford, where in 1982 he received a Ph.D. in social anthropology.

Ghosh went on to teach at the University of Delhi, the American University in Cairo, Columbia University in New York City, and Queens College of the City University of New York, among other institutions. After a stint at Harvard University that began in 2004, Ghosh turned to writing full-time and split his time between the United States and India.

His first novel, The Circle of Reason (1986), follows an Indian protagonist who, suspected of being a terrorist, leaves India for northern Africa and the Middle East. Blending elements of fable and picaresque fiction, it is distinctly postcolonial in its marginalization of Europe and postmodern in its nonlinear structure and thick intertextuality. The Shadow Lines (1988) is a sweeping history of two families (one Indian and the other English) that are deeply shaped by events following the departure of the British from India in 1947. The Circle of Reason and The Shadow Lines, both written in English, were widely translated and gained Ghosh an international readership.

The Calcutta Chromosome: A Novel of Fevers, Delirium, and Discovery (1995) represents Ghosh’s first foray into science fiction; this densely layered novel offers an alternate history of the discovery of the parasite that causes malaria. His subsequent novels include The Glass Palace (2000), a familial history centred on Burma (Myanmar) between its occupation by the British in 1885 through its independence after World War II and into the late 20th century, and The Hungry Tide (2004), set in Bengal and featuring American and Indian characters.

With Sea of Poppies (2009)—a novel that describes individuals on the Ibis, a ship on the seas of Southeast Asia carrying indentured labourers and opium—Ghosh turned away from his earlier novels’ formal experimentation and toward a more traditional form of storytelling. Sea of Poppies is the first book in his Ibis trilogy, which takes place shortly before and during the first Opium War. This historical series also includes River of Smoke (2011) and Flood of Fire (2015).

Drawing inspiration from a myth involving the snake goddess Manasa Devi, Ghosh wrote Gun Island (2019), about a rare-book dealer who undertakes a journey in which he must face issues of his past as well as climate change. Ghosh again addressed climate change with Jungle Nama (2021), a retelling in verse of a legend of the Sundarbans region; it includes illustrations by Salman Toor.

Get Unlimited Access

Try Britannica Premium for free and discover more.

Subscribe

Ghosh’s In an Antique Land (1992) straddles several genres—travel writing, autobiography, memoir—and blurs fiction and nonfiction. It describes his experiences in a rural Egyptian village in the early 1980s, when he went there as an academic researcher, and in the late 1980s, when he returned there. His nonfiction books include Dancing in Cambodia, at Large in Burma (1998), The Imam and the Indian (2002), Incendiary Circumstances: A Chronicle of the Turmoil of Our Times (2005), The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (2016), and The Nutmeg’s Curse: Parables for a Planet in Crisis (2021).

In 2018 Ghosh received the Jnanpith Award, India’s most prestigious literary prize. He is the first English-language writer to win the award.